“What Do the Frankfurt School Contribute to Our Understanding of Popular Culture?”

The independent institute Frankfurt School was founded by Jewish intellectuals, Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Herbert Macuse within a Nazi empowered Germany in 1923. After relocating to various parts of America, gaining exposure from Los Angeles and Hollywood lifestyle, the school returned. They took a great concern in the analysis of popular culture and the Culture Industry that had affected Germany in the 1940s. Although these changes reshaped a nation over 70 years ago, Frankfurt School’s interpretation of popular culture still relates to our own understanding today. The question is why, Adorno in particular, criticised this new behaviour in Germany’s society. The Enlightenment was introduced, which expressed individualism instead of tradition but ultimately led the way to modern capitalism and the culture industry. â€Å"Frankfurt School perspective is an obvious variant of Marxism. † (Strinati, 2004) Despite disagreeing with the Enlightenment, Adorno and Frankfurt School agreed on the Marxist theory. According to Dominic Strinati, to understand Frankfurt’s views â€Å"the school can be seen as trying to fill in a part of the picture of capitalism Marx did not deal with. (2004, 48) This provides a reappraisal of popular culture which Marx did not comment on, which we will acknowledge and see how far that it is understood by society today. Interestingly, the school focuses on the culture, not the economy or political aspects of society. However Adorno has also been criticised for his unclear and inaccurate analysis of the to pic, which will also be discussed and questioned upon. To begin, we will establish how Capitalism is the foundations of the development of popular culture. Capitalism is the political and economic system which is controlled by the individual, and not by state. Frankfurt School considered Capitalism as their opposition due to their left-wing beliefs. Though it is noticeable that the Frankfurt School believed Capitalism was more stable than what it really is. Adorno fails to mention that capitalism also has it’s faults and popular culture was not formed on this system alone. Despite this, it certainly aided it effectively. Adorno declares that the working class accept this system unforced is because businesses, advertisers and other consumers make the product that is being retailed more appealing. It doesn’t take much effort from the consumer to submit to these influences and purchase the product. This makes them feel better about themselves because they now own said product and are part of the majority that does. He introduces the term â€Å"commodity fetishism† which â€Å"is the basis†¦ of how cultural forms such as popular music can secure the continuing economic, political and ideological domination of capitalism. † (Strinati, 2004) He shows us that consumers in the capitalist society value money more than appreciating what was purchased. This â€Å"defines and dominates social relations† (Strinati, 2004, 50) The same is true today – many of us would much prefer to spend a colossal amount of money on an well-known brand commodity, say a new car or handbag, than an affordable and sensible priced one. This presents ourselves to others as a much wealthier individual, which essentially makes us feel better about ourselves. Adorno quotes this well â€Å"the real secret of success†¦ is the mere reflection of what one pays in the market for the product. (Strinati, 2004, 49) This superficial attitude expressed most of us can relate to today because we all live in a capitalist society and have experienced this need for a certain commodity. Therefore Frankfurt School has successfully helped us be aware of the root of popular culture. According to the Frankfurt school, â€Å"the culture industry reflects the consolidation of commodity fetishism. † (Strinati, 2004, 54) When the public are satisfied, cap italism will continue to work and therefore other political systems will be unsuccessful. It’s only when a system does not work does the mass culture look for new power. With the simplicity and effectiveness of the Culture Industry, the Working Class will remain content consuming. â€Å"It is so effective in doing this that the working class is no longer likely to pose a threat to the stability and continuity of capitalism. † (Strinati, 2004, 55) The industry successfully moulds and alters the tastes of the masses to suit the industry’s needs. However, the Frankfurt School do not consider that the notion of popular culture has any radical potential at this time. Instead, Adorno found that popular culture was ‘imposed’ on the people, and warned that they should only welcome it insofar as they do not get imposed. (Strinati, 2004, 55) Of course, this working class at the time was not going to take notice of the school’s negative response when they find something so welcoming and appealing. Perhaps Frankfurt did not appreciate how diverse and hybrid popular culture was. One way of looking at this would be to see Adorno’s criticism as a warning to us about the effects of the powerful culture industry, something the masses of 1940s would not understand. We are able to understand and relate to this because we all know from experience of this captivating affect that popular culture has on our lives. The school’s theory discusses that by capitalism and the culture industry working together produces ‘false needs’ for the masses, which means â€Å"people can be reconciled to capitalism, guaranteeing its stability and continuity. † (Strinati, 2004, 52) In the pursuit of profit, the industry will be ruthless to promote consumerism – to make consumers buy things they essentially do not need. These goods are advertised so effectively to the mass culture, they are tricked to believe that they genuinely need it. Think of the example from earlier with the expensive car or handbag. These false needs are created and sustained through advertisements in magazines, television, the media and from other consumers’ opinions. Therefore the consumer purchases the item: increasing the success of the industry and fulfilling the false need. The customer buys what they think they need, however remain unsatisfied and wants more. Strinati puts it very well: The customer is not king, as the culture industry would have us to believe, but its object. † This is a disturbing truth that needs to be dealt with, but it appears that nobody is bothered by it, so why should it be changed? The school successfully makes it clear to us how this lifestyle is influencing us so powerfully. We are aware of this feeling of ‘false needs‘ from time to time, yet we share the same attitud e as the society in the 20th century and continue in bad habit. In particular, the school criticises the culture industry’s popular music, accusing it of two processes: standardisation and pseudo-individualisation. The customer is being fooled through the use of standardisation â€Å"popular songs are becoming more alike† (Strinati, 2004, 58) Traditional music at such as Beethoven or Mozart requires an attentive listen and expression of the imagination to hear every detail that has been put into the musical piece. Meanwhile, popular music, as described by Storey: â€Å"operates in a kind of blurred dialectic: to consume it demands inattention and distraction† (2009) which means that it requires little attention – which suits perfectly for customers with busy lives, who after a stressful day prefer to listen to something which requires less concentration. Popular music is ideal here and â€Å"satisfies the craving. † The pseudo-individualisation element of the song disguises it making it appear more unique and distinctive, often by adding a catchy chorus or beat. Frankfurt School makes us aware of this process, which still is regular in many pop songs today. Adorno compares the characteristics of both music styles and criticises the simplicity of the one dimension popular music. Here it is felt that he must be condemned for criticising with a lack of evidence or experience to prove his theory. This makes it extremely difficult for us to relate to the school because they fail to relate with us. On the other hand, it could be argued that he was writing in 1941, a time were popular music would be very different to listen to. The music industry has changed drastically in the past 70 years and the sound of ‘pop’ has been reshaped too. It has to be acknowledged that despite Adorno’s criticisms of the culture industry’s popular music, it indisputably proves to us that if we reflect on the music we listen to today we will see evidence of standardisation and pseudo-individualisation used. To conclude, it must be asked why the mass culture both then and now continues to gives into the power of capitalism and the culture industry. Adorno’s idea is â€Å"that most capitalist societies live limited, impoverished and unhappy lives† (Strinati, 2004, 61) and the reason for this is the submission from the power of commodity fetishism, escape from the real world and tragically, laziness. Strinati presses that â€Å"popular culture does not necessarily hide reality from people† but that it’s realised how difficult it is to change the world from this mindset so it becomes a matter of acceptance. It is surely â€Å"killing the desire that might let us imagine a better world. † (Storey, 2009) The Frankfurt brings to us an interesting outlook of how we could change our lives and prevent the power of capitalism and the culture industry from absolute control. Bibliography Strinati, Dominic (2004) An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture London: Routedge Storey, John (2009) Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction Harlow, England

Blackberry Pest Analysis Essay

BlackBerry Limited, formerly known as Research In Motion Limited (RIM),[3][4] is a Canadian telecommunication and wireless equipment company best known to the general public as the developer of the BlackBerry brand of smartphones and tablets, but also well known worldwide as a provider of secure & high reliability software for industrial applications and Mobile Device Management (MDM). BlackBerry’s software and hardware products are used worldwide by various government’s agencies and by car makers and industrial plants throughout the world, much of this activity being unseen by the public. The company is headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by Mike Lazaridis, who served as its co-CEO along withJim Balsillie until January 22, 2012; as of November 2013, Saad assumes the new title of â€Å"Lead Director and Chair of Compensation†.[5] In November 2013, John S. Chen took over as CEO. His strategy is to subcontract manufacturing to Foxconn, and to focus on software technology.[6] Originally a dominant innovative company in the smartphone market for business and government usage, with 43% US market share in 2010, the company’s dominance in the US smartphone market has in recent years declined precipitously, in part because of intense competition mainly from the current high US market share of Google’s Android brands and also from the lower share that Apple’s iPhone has of the market. Due to such competition, the company’s share in the US personal consumer market was reduced to 3.8% in 2013.[7] In markets other than the US personal comsumer market BlackBerry’s products have fared better. On September 23, 2013 the company signed a letter of intent to be acquired for US$4.7 billion, or US$9 per share, by a consortium led by Fairfax Financial which has announced its intentions to take the company private.[8] On November 4, 2013 the deal was scrapped in favor of a US$1 billion cash injection which, according to one analyst, represented the level of confidence BlackBerry’s largest shareholder has in the company.[9] The majority of BlackBerry’s remaining value lies in innovation, one aspect being its patent portfolio, which has been valued at between US$2 billion and $3 billion.[10] Research In Motion Limited was founded in 1984 by Mike Lazaridis and Douglas Fregin. At the time, Lazaridis was an engineering student at the University of Waterl oo while Fregin was an engineering student at the University of Windsor.[11] RIM’s early development was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors in 1995  through a private placement in the privately held company. Working Ventures Canadian Fund Inc. led the first venture round[12] with a C$5,000,000 investment with the proceeds being used to complete the development of RIM’s two-way paging system hardware and software. A total of C$30,000,000 in pre-IPO financing was raised by the company prior to its initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange in January 1998 under the symbol RIM.[13] The company worked with RAM Mobile Data and Ericsson to turn the Ericsson-developed Mobitex wireless data network into a two-way paging and wireless e-mail network. Pivotal in this development was the release of the Inter@ctive Pager 950, which started shipping in August 1998. About the size of a bar of soap, this device competed against the SkyTel two-way paging network developed by Motorola. In 1999, RIM introduced the BlackBerry 850 pager. Named in reference to the resemblance of its keyboard’s keys to the druplets of the blackberry fruit, the device could receive push email from a Mic rosoft Exchange Server using its complementary server software, BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES). The introduction of the BlackBerry set the stage for future enterprise-oriented products from the company, such as the BlackBerry 957 in April 2000, the first BlackBerry smartphone. The BlackBerry OS platform and BES continued to increase in functionality—while the incorporation of encryption and S/MIME support helped BlackBerry devices gain increased usage by governments and businesses.[14][15] BlackBerry Limited, formerly Research In Motion Limited, incorporated on March 7, 1984, is a designer, manufacturer and marketer of wireless solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market. Through the development of integrated hardware, software and services, it provides platforms and solutions for seamless access to information, including e-mail, voice, instant messaging, short message service (SMS), Internet and intranet-based applications and browsing. The Company’s technology also enables an array of third party developers and manufacturers to enhance their products and services through software development kits, wireless connectivity to data and third-party support programs. Its portfolio of products, services and embedded technologies are used by thousands of organizations and millions of consumers around the world and include the BlackBerry wireless solution, the RIM Wireless Handheld product line, the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet, software development tools and other software and hardware. Effective May 31, 2013,  BlackBerry Ltd acquired Scroon SA. On March 25, 2011, the Company purchased 100% of the shares of a company whose technology is being incorporated into the Company’s developer tools. On April 26, 2011, the Company purchased certain assets of a company whose acquired technologies will be incorporated into the Company’s products. In June 2011, the Company acquired Scoreloop. On March 8, 2012, the C ompany acquired Paratek Microwave Inc. During the fiscal year ended March 3, 2012 (fiscal 2012), the Company purchased 100% interests of a company, whose technology will be incorporated into its technology; whose technology offers cloud-based services for storing, sharing, accessing and organizing digital content on mobile devices; whose technology is being incorporated into an application on the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet; whose technology offers a customizable and cross-platform social mobile gaming developer tool kit, and whose technology will provide a multi-platform BlackBerry Enterprise Solution for managing and securing mobile devices for enterprises and government organizations. On April 24, 2012, the Company launched BlackBerry 7 smartphone, the BlackBerry Curve 9220, for customers in Indonesia. April 18, 2012, it launched BlackBerry 7 smartphone, the BlackBerry Curve 9220, for customers in India. On April 17, 2012, it announced availability of the BlackBerry Bold 9790 smartphone in Spain. On April 3, 2012, it launched BlackBerry Mobile Fusion, and launched four BlackBerry smartphones powered by the BlackBerry 7 operating system (OS) in Cambodia, which included BlackBerry Bold 9900, BlackBerry Bold 9790, BlackBerry Curve 9360 and BlackBerry Curve 9380. On April 2, 2012, it announced the availability of BlackBerry App World, the official application store for BlackBerry smartphones in Brunei, and it announced availability of the BlackBerry Bold 9790 and BlackBerry Curve 9380 smartphones for Cell C customers in South Africa. On March 27, 2012, it launched of the BlackBerry solution in Benin Republic. On March 15, 2012, it launched of BlackBerry services in China. On March 7, 2012, it launched the BlackBerry service in Angola. The Company’s primary revenue stream is generated by the BlackBerry wireless solution, consists of smartphones and tablets, service and software. BlackBerry service is provided through a combination of its global BlackBerry Infrastructure and the wireless networks of its carrier partners. On February 21, 2012, it released the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0 software. It generates hardware revenues from sales, primarily to carriers and  distributors. During fiscal 2012, the Company launched the wireless fidelity (WiFi)-enabled BlackBerry PlayBook tablet in 44 markets around the world. On July 21, 2011, the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet received Federal Information Processing Standard 140-2 certification. BlackBerry Smartphones and Tablets BlackBerry smartphones uses wireless, push-based technology that delivers data to mobile users’ business and consumer applications. BlackBerry smartphones integrate messaging including instant messaging, email and SMS; voice calling; Webkit browser; multimedia capabilities; calendar, and other applications. During fiscal 2012, it introduced 10 new smartphones and launched software updates to both its smartphone and tablet platforms. BlackBerry smartphones are available from hundreds of carriers and indirect channels, through a range of distribution partners, and are designed to operate on a variety of carrier networks, including HSPA/HSPA+/UMTS, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, CDMA/Ev-DO, and iDEN. During fiscal 2012, its BlackBerry smartphone and tablet portfolio included BlackBerry Bold series, BlackBerry Torch series, BlackBerry Curve series and The BlackBerry PlayBook tablet. Its BlackBerry Bold series includes BlackBerry Bold 9900 and 9930 and BlackBerry Bold 9790. The Company’s BlackBerry Torch series include BlackBerry Torch 9810 and All-Touch BlackBerry Torch 9850 and 9860. The Company’s BlackBerry Curve series include BlackBerry Curve 9350/9360/9370 and All-Touch BlackBerry Curve 9380 Smartphone. The BlackBerry PlayBook tablet features the BlackBerry PlayBook OS 2.0. The BlackBerry PlayBook offers a seven-inch high definition display, a dual core one gigahertz processor, dual high definition cameras, multitasking and a Web browsing. History of the PEST Analysis  written by: Sidharth Thakur †¢ edited by: Linda Richter †¢ updated: 12/30/2010 PEST analysis has been in use as an external environment scanning tool for more than three decades. Still , there isn’t much information on how this technique has evolved. Here is an article that explores the history and evolution of this technique. slide 1 of 3 One of the popular environmental scanning tools used by businesses to analyze the macro-environment in which they operate is the PEST analysis. History of  this strategic planning tool is somewhat imprecise; although it may have evolved earlier, the first traceable mention of this tool goes back to 1967, by Francis Aguilar. Let’s take a look at how this tool was introduced and how it has evolved ever since 1967. slide 2 of 3 The First Trace of PEST Analysis As mentioned earlier, it is Francis Aguilar who can be credited with the origin of this strategic analytical technique. At that time, Aguilar talked about ETPS – Economic, Technological, Political, and Social environment — as the four environments that must be scanned when looking for analytical grounds to judge the strategic plans. Even in its current form, PEST revolves around these same four factors; however the term PEST came in much later. A few years later Arnold Brown emphasized these same four environmental factors with the only difference that he labeled it as STEP. This acronym, in addition to referring to each of the four environmental factors, stands for Strategic Trend Evaluation Process as well. There is no clear evidence about when PEST emerged from STEP or ETPS, but as of today the commonly used name for this external environment scanning technique is PEST. Apart from PEST, analysis history shows it is also popular in its extended form as PESTLE. PEST analysis (‘Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Some analysts added Legal and rearranged the mnemonic to SLEPT; inserting Environmental factors expanded it to PESTEL or PESTLE, which is popular in the United Kingdom.[1] The model has recently been further extended to STEEPLE and STEEPLED, adding Ethics and Demographic factors. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives an overview of the different macro-environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an  updated version of the PEST framework. STEER analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. Political factors are basically to what degree the government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bads). Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation.

Accounting for Carbon

INTRODUCTION This article describes the impact of using various methods to calculate carbon emissions. This article briefly introduces the Kyoto Protocol. Then that involves accounting issues surrounding the carbon. The starting point to solve is to calculate carbon credits and free quota and then calculate debt. After considering current carbon accounting practices such as the International Financial Reporting Interpretation Committee Act No. 3, the net debt approach, approval of government subsidies, several other issues must be considered . Carbon accounts are listed as one of three Alipay accounts along with cash accounts and credit accounts to measure the user's low carbon activity. Ant Financials believes that the future of finance is green finance and we are committed to making the carbon account a global carbon measurement, trading and sharing platform. Carbon dioxide emissions from individuals, countries, or organizations can be measured by implementing greenhouse gas emissi ons estimates or other computational activities expressed as carbon calculations. Once you know the size of the carbon footprint, for example, through strategies to reduce it through technical development, process and product management improvements, green public or private procurement (GPP) changes, carbon recovery, consumption strategies, carbon offset, etc. You can design. . There are several free online carbon footprint calculators, including publicly available peer-reviewed data and computing support, such as the University of California, Berkeley's CoolClimate Network Research Alliance and CarbonStory. These sites are asking for answers to more or less detailed questions about meals, transportation, family size, shopping and entertainment activities, electricity consumption, heating, and heavy machinery such as dryers and refrigerators. The first step is to measure the carbon footprint of the company. But before you escape you will have to do some reading and start adding numb ers. So-called carbon accounting - There is a specific rule for carbon dioxide equivalent to corporate emissions, whether it is a national state, whether it is a company or an individual - the habit of measuring it. Let's see an example. Imagine your company selling widgets at Amazon provided by delivery company UPS. When someone buys one of your gadgets, the carbon used to deliver it is burned by your company, Amazon, UPS, or end user? It is difficult to say intuitively, but from the viewpoint of common sense, you can see that all parties are involved in different degrees.

Organizational Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Structures - Essay Example Organizations use matrix structure when they need expertise that a functional structure offers along with the ability for coping with rapid changes occurring in a specific product line. The structure is superior to both the divisional and functional structures because it allows the functional and divisional aspects of organizational structures to simultaneously operate. The matrix structure is supported by rigorous planning between the functional divisions. For instance, the employees respond to both their line managers as well as their product managers. The matrix structure works well when there is pressure for sharing scarce resources across different product lines. It is also highly beneficial when the environment is rapidly changing and extreme predictive coordination is required across departments. Theoretically speaking, the balance of power between the products a functional leader is almost equal and a high degree of cooperation occurs between managers. It has the following st rengths: Strengths: It offers adjustable sharing of human resources across the organization. It has more flexibility to deal with complex decisions and offers a wider range of input. The matrix structure has the ability to cope with larger product range. Functional specialization can avail more opportunities compared to a divisionalized structure in the organization when the matrix form of structure is implemented. Weaknesses Sometimes the shared authority can create confusion and frustration.

International business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business law - Assignment Example Thus, cases with the intent of temporarily depriving the owner of his property rights constitute a criminal offense. According to the English legal system, this law is mainly used as an effective way of dealing with certain acts that are deemed to be against the prescribed norms in the society. The major objective is to punish those who are liable to such kind of crime. This is in line with the need to deter people from committing such crimes for the purpose of safeguarding peace and harmony in the society. According to Kleyn & Viljoen (2002), civil law is classified under private law which is one major difference between criminal law and civil law. Civil law mainly deals with legal relationships between parties involved. These subjects involved are more or less on the same position. Unlike in criminal law, the state is there to facilitate the delivery of justice in civil law. Common examples of cases involving civil law include tort law as well as family law whereby compensation is granted upon conviction of the offender unlike punishment in the case of criminal law (Kleyn & Viljoen 2002). This law is mainly used to settle disputes between subjects whereby it is the plaintiff against the defendant whereas it is the state that initiates prosecution against the defendant in a criminal case. 2. Common law in the English legal system was developed in the decisions that were made in other court cases and these were adopted as law in real terms (Du Plessis, 1999). This law is mainly used as reference to particular cases that may have a similar bearing on the case that will be tried in the court. Common law is the legal norm and plays a significant role in consolidating the validity of the law given that it was a result of cases that were tried in the courts of law and decisions were reached and agreed. With time, there are some kinds of behaviour by human beings which become unacceptable and in such instances, it becomes the role of the legislature to enact new offe nces that are considered as law (Kleyn & Viljoen 2002). In such an event, this kind of law is mainly regarded as statutory law whereby it can be noted that the legislature as well as the common law have greater roles to play in the English legal system. Though common law is the major source of law in the English legal system, it however, does not cover all the aspects of the law since there are new cases emerging by the day such as the environmental laws. It is the role of the legislature to make sure that all important aspects of this law are covered adequately. According to Du Plessis (1999), â€Å"English law is uncodified common law and the legislation primarily regulates matters of a more modern technical nature or else it amends, systematises, consolidates or supplements common law in areas where it is inadequate or ambiguous or where renewal is necessary,† (p. 36). From this argument, it can be observed that common law

Onion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Onion - Essay Example This onion is generally known by the name Vidalia. This species of onion is derived from Texas Grano 502. It reaches maturity early. Granex are normally available in yellow, red and white colors. Among all varieties of onions, the yellow onion matures the earliest, but it can not be stored for long. The white Granex onion is generally known as Miss Society and resembles the yellow onion in characteristics. Immature Granex onions, generate green onions upon harvesting. It is possible to thin the onion plantings by over-planting them from their seeds. 2. Texas Super-Sweet onions: Like Granex onions, Texas Super-Sweet onions are also derived from Texas Grano 502. Also, they are a short-day onion variety. As the name implies, Texas Super-Sweet onions are mildly sweet in taste. Large bulbous yellow onions having the shape of the globe can be seen in this variety. Unlike the Granex onions, Texas Super-Sweet onions have a large period of storage. Although it is derived from the Texas Grano 502, its resistance to disease is marvelous unlike many other varieties of onions that are derived from the same specie. They are far less likely than other varieties of onions to be bruised while being transported.

How would you describe human personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How would you describe human personality - Essay Example ts, his own growth and development patterns, reactions and moods, his social encounters with the people around him– all these come together to help form his personality. This is how the book of Duane and Sydney Schultz (2005) view personality. The formation of one’s personality is dependent on many factors that may inter-relate or overlap. Personality traits are believed to be inherited. They may also be influenced by one’s environment. Personality traits may also be learned from experience or may be strongly molded by the parenting style one has been exposed to. Personality may also be affected by the changes we encounter in life. It is also controlled by conscious and unconscious processes. A person’s experiences leave imprints on his personality. For instance, well-adjusted, well-rounded and successful individuals often share a childhood marked by happy memories and nurturing relationships with family and friends. Bitter, angry and cold people are most likely victims of a bleak childhood filled with disappointments and hurtful relationships. These personal views on personality were influenced by my exposure to the Psychoanalytical theories of Freud, Jung and Erikson. I found it fascinating, albeit complicated. Some of the theories were shocking and mind-boggling, but upon further study and analysis, I realize that it made a lot of sense, especially in explaining how a person comes to be. The Psychoanalytic theory is premised on the belief that human nature is greatly affected by a person’s early childhood experiences and conflicts between impulses and prohibitions. Sigmund Freud’s views human behavior as determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations and biological and instinctual drives evolving in the first six years of life. According to Freud, there are two levels of personality: the conscious corresponds to its ordinary everyday meaning; the unconscious is the invisible portion of personality below the surface. (Schultz

Greek Civil War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Greek Civil War - Research Paper Example The Communist Party found this opportunity to grab power by creating National Liberation Front, called the EAM. The other group opposing the communist viewpoint belonged to the EDES. The EDES got support from the Britain as Britain was against the expansion of communism. Winston Churchill, the then Prime-Minister of Britain met with Joseph Stalin of Germany in 1944. In a political and diplomatic bargain it was decided between both the premiers that Germany would get a stronghold in Romania if Germany supported the United Kingdom’s hold in Greece. The Germans had been there in Greece since the World War II, started to recede back from Greece without providing any concrete assistance to communists to remain in power although communists were quite powerful politically and militarily at that time. It started a battle between the British forces and the EAM on December 2, 1944 resulting in a win for the nationalists and reduction of the communist stronghold on Greece (Leonard par. 1 ). The first stage of civil war started some months before the Germany forces were evacuating Greece in October 1944. Parties to the Civil War in Greece were two leading guerrilla forces, the communist-supported EAM-ELAS (National Liberation Front–National Popular Liberation Army) and the EDES (Greek Democratic National Army).The EAM-ELAS overpowered all opposing guerrilla and political enemies except the EDES in early 1944 and established its rule in the Greek mountains, which meant end of the rule of the Greek King and his government in exile. With the withdrawal of troops by Germany, the British government supported the communists and the royal Greek guerrillas to make a coalition government in Athens but was unable to dissolve the guerrilla forces, which resulted in a bitter civil war in Athens on December 3 (Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Greek Civil War,† par. 2). One of the reasons of the war was that the communists were against the British proposal of disarming the ELAS, therefore, declared a general strike in Athens on December, 1944. It led to a conflict between the police and the ELAS. A ceasefire was announced when Winston Churchill came to Athens resulting in withdrawal of ELAS guerrillas from Athens. An accord was made on February 12, 1945 according to which ELAS was supposed to surrender its weapons in fourteen days (ThinkQuest par. 2). This fierce battle brought the EAM-ELAM in a winning position everywhere in Greece except Athens and Thessaloniki, where the British military controlled the deteriorating situation with great difficulty (Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Greek Civil War,† par. 2). In February 1945, the communists announced the disseverment of their forces in a conference but did not participate in the general election in Greece in March 1946 resulting in a royalist majority (Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"Greek Civil War,† par. 3). The March 1946 elections were biased towards EDES to which the communists reacted by forming the Democratic Party of Greece (DA), and issued a statement that they would continue fighting until democratic forces prevail upon and rule Greece. Initially, Communists were leading ahead because of support from the neighboring Yugoslavia and communists’ strong presence in the Northern Greece (Leonard par. 2). Other important political happening included plebiscite in September 1946 establishing the rule of the Greek King once again. Communists who had gone hidden earlier once again waged

Leadership Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership Discussion - Essay Example anization, a leader can challenge the process by first diagnosing all possible causes of a known process problem so that the same does not hinder success of new ones. Banks always use business analysts to help capture the current processes in the banks and what the external environment feels about them. With such audits, it is pretty easy to make actionable conclusions on whether to make modifications on the existing process of coming up with a new one. In challenging the process, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, a leader must understand the interrelations and integration that exist among all the data documents. This is critical in the challenging process because it provides tangible information on the patterns and the necessity for change. Success demands first hand involvement, and that is why most experts say, â€Å"If you want something done right, do it yourself.† Being involved is a sure roadmap to freedom because decisions are made depending on the situations, capabilities, expertise, and objectives. However, as a leader, it is admirable if you empower employees to handle tasks under little or no supervision. To make it a success, however, leaders must be willing to help the subordinates in cases where procedures are complex or decision making is critical. Being a leader requires a will more than being a manager. Challenging processes give room for creativity, detachment from the old fashion norms, and keeps the organization streamlined to the mission, vision, and goals. However, to make it a success, leaders must be involved in ensuring everything done is as per the requirements. Direct interaction with subordinates, getting involved in the processes, and making tangible decisions is a sure way to overcome

Police Functions Essay Example for Free

Police Functions Essay Over the years, police have been portrayed in the media, television shows, and the local newspaper as crime fighting heroes. This portrayal would make one think a police officer is always out doing a dangerous job, which may require shooting, beating up, or arrested the bad guy. The truth is, most officers will not make a felony arrest in a given year, and there are also many officers who have never fired their weapon. There are various perspectives of the policing functions. I will examine these perspectives from the local, state, and federal organizational levels. I will identify and address possible future changes in laws and the overall impact these changes will have on the field of policing. Local Police Police, usually called law enforcement officers, apprehend criminals and investigate crimes. There are several other functions that the police perform. Local police have three main functions: maintaining order, controlling crime, and providing basic social services. Local police maintain order in different activities, such as traffic control in power outages, crowd control outside of a local football game, resolving domestic disputes, and removing drunken patrons from the streets. Police officers serve and protect. The main focus of maintaining order is keeping the peace rather than enforcing the law, so to speak. In different situations, officers may have to make an arrest to ensure the peace, but the appropriate order-maintenance solution often consists of less formal actions, like clearing crowds after a big game. Controlling crime is basically patrol and criminal investigation. Basic social service is calling police in an emergency situation. The majority of phone calls to the police are in need of social service as opposed to those relating to crimes. There are several factors that shape what police do. Police officers are available 24 hours a day seven days a week. People call on the police when they find themselves in an emergency situation and there is not another agency available. Because of this availability, it sometimes gives officers a heavy workload. Police work is different and unique from other jobs because these men and women are permitted to use force. Force in this case is deadly or physical force as well as arresting someone. Police officers have to be ready to shoot in a split second, if need be. Discretion is used in all areas of policing. Officers rely on their training as well as experiences to decide what to do when dealing with citizens. A wonderful example of discretion is an officer giving you a warning for speeding as oppose to upholding the law and issuing you a citation. State Police State police are a part of The Department of Public Safety. Every state with the exception of Hawaii has its own police force possessing statewide jurisdiction. The nation’s largest state police force is California Highway Patrol. The directors of highway patrols or state police are appointed by the Governors. Tasks done by state police agencies include assisting the local police departments in criminal investigations, patrolling the state’s highways, training municipal and country police, maintaining centralized crime records for the state, and operate a crime lab. Federal Police Within the executive branch of the national government lies the federal law enforcement. The FBI, or Federal Bureau of Investigation, is a part of this federal organization. The FBI investigates several categories of federal crimes. Their focus is on protecting the nation from threats, such as terrorism, organized crime, drug trafficking, white collar crimes, and violent crimes, such as kidnappings and bank robberies as well as civil-rights crimes. The FBI is equipped with crime labs, fingerprint files, crime statistics, and a training academy, which enables them to assist state, local, and other federal agencies. Due to the increases in organized crimes, the FBI also has wiretapping authority. Federal officers have jurisdiction nationwide. The Department of Homeland Security is another branch containing federal law enforcement agencies. Some of DHS agencies are: United States Secret Service- which is responsible for apprehending anyone caught counterfeiting U. S. money. They are also responsible for the protection of other officials of the federal government and for protecting the president. Immigration and Customs Enforcement- enforces the flow of immigrants into the United States. INS agents deport aliens who break the United States naturalization laws. They are also responsible for the patrol of the United States border to stop illegal immigrants from entering the country. In the 1990s, INS agents focused on the Mexican-U. S. border, where large numbers of illegal immigrants and huge amounts of illicit drugs entered the United States. INS agents arrest hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants each year, but the number making it safely into the United States still exceeded the number arrested. † (The Nature of Police Work) Customs and Border Protection and Transportation Security Administration also fall under this agency. Conclusion Patrol and criminal investigation used to dominate policing. Uniformed officers would roam the streets interrupting crime and trying to prevent them from happening. There are different strategies to policing. These strategies include patrol, special operations, and investigations. There are changes that can be made in laws to impact the field of policing. Local police departments can reduce corruption by keeping a closer eye on the department and listening to the community. Bad seeds would have to be removed from all areas of policing. These departments can also form a positive relationship with the public by showing they are doing more than making arrests. Federal agencies are sometimes limited in the information they can share with other departments, but if there is something useful, they can pass the information along to help all agencies out. There are many functions to policing. While police are heroes to a lot of people, they are not just out fighting crime and locking up the bad guys. They are there for us when we need them, regardless if our cat is stuck in a tree or we have a runaway teenager. Different agencies perform at different levels each having different duties. Once we understand what different agencies are able to do, we understand policing better.

Mental Health Care: Legislation, Theories and Issues

Mental Health Care: Legislation, Theories and Issues Case Study, Working with Adults assignment (Mental Health). This paper is a discussion of the social work issues in the case of Mary, a 44 year old woman with a history of compulsory admissions under the MHA 1983. Mary has been variously diagnosed with bipolar disorder, psychotic depression: she is considered to have a borderline personality disorder and alcohol dependency syndrome. She is currently prescribed anti-depressants and a four-weekly anti-psychotic depot injection. Her 24 year old son, Pete, has a substance misuse problem, and lives nearby. Apart from support arising out of her contact with social services, Mary has intermittent support from her sister, Sophie, a social care worker who lives in a nearby town. The professional and clinical dilemmas implicit in Mary’s case are, arguably, highly indicative of wider problems in the diagnosis and care of the mentally ill . They are particularly relevant to the generic issues faced by social workers in many similar cases. Whilst it is obviously impossible to generalize, the fact remains that the type of care offered will ultimately depend upon the decisions made by the relevant professionals, a fact which brings into focus the complex system of checks and balances which has accumulated around mentally unwell clients and patients. As Golightly observes, ‘Mental health services are at a crucial stage of redevelopment which, by the time it is complete, will produce a service that is appropriate and responsive to service user needs.’ (Golightly 2008: p.2). Whilst this impetus is tangible and visible in various initiatives and policy changes, the fact remains that it ultimately depends upon a complex range of legislative, procedu ral and professional integrations, many of which remain very much a work in progress. Whilst this process is ongoing, it is up to practitioners themselves to mediate these processes in the interests of their vulnerable clients. Over and above this, it is important to retain an anti-discriminatory perspective, taking account of the preconceptions which may skew both analysis and practice in the case of certain issues. . As Thompson expresses it, truly anti-discriminatory practice must be ‘†¦part of a wider framework which reflects power and privilege differences and which hinge on social divisions. This brings us†¦.to the point†¦namely: if you are not part of the solution, you must be part of the problem.’ (Thompson 2006: p.78) 1. Critically evaluate the impact of salient legislation and policy in your work with Mary. The principle impact of salient legislation and policy in this case lays in the area of consent, and in particular the successive refinements to the processes through the client is adjudged to be either capable or incapable of determining the context in which their care should take place. Given that Mary has been compulsorily admitted under sections 2 and 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 on five separate occasions in the last ten years, (the most recent only two years ago), it would seem that in her case the precedents militate against the obtaining of consent. As these episodes have also involved violence against both social work practitioners as police officers, any risk assessment would point to the fact of consent being unlikely, and appropriate contingencies being put in place as a matter of professional responsibility. The question is, do the intermediate consent arrangements introduced after 1983, and in particular the graduated approach to issues of consent which arise out of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health (Amendments) Act 2007, offer practitioners – or Mary herself, a more positive trajectory? As suggested above, official intervention has taken the form of a whole new tier of intermediate legislation (discussed more fully below) which fills a perceived vacuum, and provides a range of new protocols for the social work practitioner and other agencies. As Bogg puts it, ‘With the inception of partnership arrangements between health and social care came awareness that the regulatory frameworks that governed each sector needed to be aligned.’ (Bogg 2008: p.9). Parallel to this development was the transformation of the Approved Social Worker (ASW) role into that of the Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP). Questions remain as to the precise reasoning behind this development, and whether its provenance lays entirely in the re-framing of practice, or other contingencies. As Bogg points out, ‘While the initial implementation of the Mental Health (Amendment) Act 2007 will be to convert existing ASW staff into AMHP’s the opportunity for nurses, occupati onal therapists and psychologists to become ANHP’s will be available from the latter half of 2008, and these groups will therefore need to consider what this will mean for their practice and their professional perspectives†¦.One particular concern in relation to AW provision is that of an ageing workforce†¦the introduction of the AMPH enables other professions to take on the statutory role within mental health service provision, and potentially expands the availability and perspectives of the workforce.’ (Bogg 2008: p.116). 2. Critically explore the issue of consent and capacity with reference to Mental Capacity Act 2005 The facts of Mary’s mental health and her current emotional state would seem to suggest that obtaining consent from her would seem unlikely at present. It may be argued that the Mental Capacity Act 2005, and the provisions of the subsequent Mental Health Act 2007, represent the government’s cumulative response to converging concerns about individual liberty and the functioning of the human services with regard to mental health. As the government itself states, ‘The main purpose of the legislation is to ensure that people with serious mental disorders which threaten their safety or the safety of the public can be treated irrespective of their consent where it is necessary to prevent them from harming themselves or others.’ (Golightly 2008: p.48) They also encapsulate the dilemmas which beset government and jurisprudence in this sphere, and the hegemony of the European Commission of Human Rights over human rights law in general. In other words, the British government is not the master of its own fate with regard to the decision to deprive a client – or patient – of their liberty on the grounds of mental incapacity. The clearest evidence of this is the apparently intermediate status of the 2005 Act, which, although enshrined in UK law, awaits its substantive validation through other processes, as Golightly indicates. ‘Section 50 of the MHA has amended the MCA 2005 to provide safeguards for those incapable people over 18 years of age that are deprived of their liberty. The government hopes this will meet the requirements of the ECHR although we will have to wait until it is tested in the courts.’ (Golightly 2008: p.50). Putting aside this extended validation process, it remains to critically assess the allied issues of consent and capacity as they are dealt with in the 2005 Act. In the first instance, it may be helpful to understand the function of this legislation through its framing and provenance. The really novel and significant contribution of the 2005 and subsequent refinement in the 2007 Act arguably lays in the Deprivation of Liberty test and procedures, within which set out in Section 50 of the 2007 statute. Under this, if no authorization has been obtained under the DoLs, a deprivation of liberty can only be lawful through the satisfaction of two possible preconditions. Firstly, such an arrangement must be the subject of an order made by the court of protection under s.16(2) of the Mental Capacity Act. Subsequently, an application must have been made to the court under which such a deprivation of liberty is considered necessary in the meantime – either to save the person’s life, or prevent a serious deterioration in their condition. (Golightly 2008: p.50). These refinements were prompted by the case of an autistic man (HL) held ‘informally’ by the Bournewood Trust, a situation which gave rise to the hearing of HL v. United Kingdom. As Golighty reports, this situation was unlawful, because ‘†¦the common law of necessity is too vague and has too few effective safeguards to comply with articles 5(1) and 5(4) of the ECHR. Thus, HL was de facto detained and the DoLs represent the government’s attempt to remedy the problem that (the) Bournewood case highlighted.’ (Golighlty 2008: p.49). In effect then the 2005 MCA was designed to add definition to the informal and often legally flawed protocols, which social workers and other professional had evolved in the around the 1983 Mental Health Act. After 2005 a new tier was added to the hierarchy of actions to which these agencies had recourse: informal or voluntary admission under s.131: admission under the Deprivation of Liberty Procedures in the amended Mental Capacity Act 2005, or ultimately, compulsory detention under part 2 or part 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983. (Golightly 2008: p.48). The 2005 Act also initiated other safeguards, such as the system of Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCA’s): for the first time, potentially vulnerable clients without the support of relatives or friends have a statutory right to an appointed, i.e. ‘non-instructed’ advocate. (Golightly 2008: p.51). This, it was intended, would furnish the client with both continuity of objective advice and a pastoral perspe ctive, which might otherwise be deemed lacking in the system of legal and clinical checks and balances devised for their care. 3. Provide a critical overview of protection and risk issues in this situation. From a legislative perspective, the problem is that some of the most alarming evidence is circumstantial, is derived from third parties, and may in fact be apocryphal. For example, neighbours have been reporting disturbances at erratic and unsociable hours, but this at best represents a general indication or suggestion that Mary’s mental health may be entering a difficult phase, or even deteriorating. It cannot, unilaterally, support anything approaching an admissions procedure: given that her son Pete, (who himself has a history of substance misuse), is apparently at her flat frequently, it is not necessarily the case that Mary is herself the cause of these ‘disturbances’. Conversely, it is quite possible that disagreements between Mary and Pete are the cause of the disturbance. However, given that they are both frequently in an altered state of mind, either due to mental health issues or either alcohol or substance misuse, the likelihood of being able to make an objectively worthwhile assessment based purely on investigation of this situation does not seem strong. 4. Critically discuss the role of inter-professional collaboration and practice in relation to Marys situation. According to the information supplied in the case study, those in contact with Mary currently comprise her social worker, the consultant psychiatrist, and the CPN assigned to her. From the information available, it seems that there is significant dissonance within the multi-agency effort to assess and plan for Mary’s needs. Principle amongst these is the position of the Consultant Psychologist, who has expressed doubts as to her diagnosis as mentally ill, and requested that she is transferred to the substance misuse service. He has further stated that a home visit – although requested by the care coordinator – is unnecessary, and that Mary should be ‘offered’ inpatient detoxification. This may prove to be either a major stumbling block, or, at the very least, a significant determining factor in the direction of Mary’s care. As Golightly points out, ‘Consultants will point out that they have clinical responsibility for the individual and hence medical-legal responsibility. This has been further compounded with the emergence of nurse prescribers.’ (Golightly 2008: p.139). At present, it is debatable whether o r not the consultant’s hegemony would be operable in the context of a tripartite formal assessment under part two or three of the 1983 Act. There is, however, a sense in which his current intransigence may eventually produce a repetition of Mary’s earlier compulsory admissions, if it contributes to a lack of action in respect of her current difficulties. As Bogg points out, ‘†¦the professionals involved need to identify with and own the team’s purpose and goals if there is to be effective multi-disciplinary cooperation.’ (Bogg 2008: p.35) 5. Drawing on a range of theories and approaches critically demonstrate the evidence base for your work with Mary and Pete. There are several principle theoretical frameworks which may be deemed applicable in the case of Mary and Pete. It is important here to recognize and retain the link between the theoretical base, the evidence base, and the pertinent policy framework. Given that the multi agency effort incorporates both social and clinical practitioners, the two theoretical models which should be applied are the social, the medical, the biopsychosocial, and the recovery. In this part of the discussion we will consider the case of Mary and Pete discretely within each variant. As Bogg observes, the social model ‘†¦places the emphasis of the condition on the consequence of the mental distress or disorder†¦instead of looking at symptoms and disorders as an entity in themselves†¦the social model focuses on the social consequences and how to improve the quality of life and wider responses the individual is facing.’ (Bogg 2008: p.44). From this position, it has to be recognised that the evidence base currently held is inconclusive in respect of the precise course of action which might benefit Mary’s condition. This is principally due to the subjective and fragmentary nature of such evidence: although, overall, it combines to present her situation as alarming, in fact the total of such evidence may be more than the real sum of its component parts. In other words, the specificity of each apparently negative social interaction – at Mary’s workplace, with neighbours, friends or relatives – needs to be looked a t in more detail before an accurate, overall picture can be agreed upon. Meanwhile, the medical model, again defined by Boggs, is, in its psychiatric sense, ‘†¦ordinarily a reference to the biological model. This rests on two principles: first, that mental disorder is a brain disorder, and second, that all mental events are neurological events. {Bogg 2008: p.45). The controversies thrown up in the space between the social and medical models have in turn produced more graduated approaches in the biopsychosocial and recovery models. In the case of Mary and Pete, with all of its implications regarding possible and actual substance dependence and misuse, the recovery model seems to offer the most realistic mean of empowerment. Given Mary’s history of psychotic diagnosis, the medical model obviously cannot be discounted, and will continue to represent a significant part of hr care. As Bogg observes, with acknowledgements to insights derived from Mahler and Tavano, recovery can offer ‘†¦both a conceptual framework for understanding mental illness and a system of care to provide supports and opportunities for personal development†¦.while individuals may not be able to have full control over their symptoms, they can have full control over their lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bogg 2008: p.48) As in all similar cases, whilst the policy base provides an inter-disciplinary and multi-agency framework within which to organize care packages, the theoretical base may vary according to perspective employed. Howev er, the evidence base in Mary’s case strongly suggests that a holistic approach may gradually enable her to make her own choices about regaining control over her own life. It also has to be considered that at some point, the case worker may have to share their considerations of Mary’s case with the relevant ASW/AMHP, whose expertise and training may be helpful. As prior observes, ‘there is a concentration of specialist training in this one area. This concentration on some staff throws into sharp relief the lack of training opportunities available to others.’ (Prior, 1992: p.108) 6. Critically analyse and take into account the causes and impact of inequality and discrimination on Mary and Pete. There are, it may be argued, many possible sources of discrimination and inequality which may have impacted upon Mary and Pete. Some of these, taking into account the social model, are implicit in the structure of contemporary society: perhaps inevitably, some of these same factors feature in the practice of the human services. The situation in which Mary and Pete currently find themselves in relation to social services is, arguably, highly indicative of the transformations which have been required of the profession, and of the residual tensions implied by such transformations. Such tensions can be illustrated by comparing two intra-social work perspectives: one proposing a ‘Third-Way’ or ‘tough love’ approach to social issues, the other favouring a less sanguine, more interventionist position. The first of these approaches can be summed up in the position of Ferguson, who argues that ‘we now live in a post-traditional order where processes of individualization have resulted in the self becoming a reflexive project. Identities are nowconstructed by individuals themselves, rather than inherited and this has given rise to a new agenda of life politics. While it should not replace a concern with emancipatory politics and life chances, I am arguing that life politics needs to be at the centre of how social work is understood and practised today.’ (Ferguson, 2001: p.42). For those opposed to this position however, the idea of ‘life politics’ does not adequately replace earlier ideas of ‘life chances’, or the way in which these are systematically denied to certain individuals. For adherents of this position, an approach which addresses this problem should lay at the core of effective social work practice. As Thompson indicates, ‘†¦a social work practice which does not take account of oppression, and the discrimination which gives rise to it, cannot be seen as good practice, no matter how high its standards may be in other respects.’ (Thompson 2006: p.15). For some observers, similar concerns are raised by the idea that the empowerment of the individual can shape a holistic approach to their care, rehabilitation and support. As Adams points out, ‘†¦the difficulty with the empowerment paradigm is that its contemporary forms have all fed off anti-sexist, anti-racist, anti-disablist, and other critical, anti-oppressive movements, whereas its historical roots lie partly in traditions of mid-Victorian self-help which tend to reflect the dominant social values of that time. Whereas in theory, self-help is a neutral concept, in practice†¦it was wielded by the†¦middle classes to extol their own virtues.’ (Adams 2003: p.18). Essentially then, such disagreements may be related back to the question as to whether the contemporary transformation of the profession, as one implicitly focused on official targets and competencies, is the model best adapted for the care of clients, or whether a more problematical relationship would be better. As Jones expresses it, ‘social work must always be a difficult and troublesome activity irrespective of the government in power and the prevailing orthodoxies.’ (Jones, 1997: p.62) At a clinical level, the possible diagnosis of Mary as having one of a range of different problems may have profound implications for the way in which she is treated, both within the social care and health systems, and society itself. In a sense this is a technical question which relates back to the discussion of multi-agency cooperation, and touches on the question of diagnosis and a hierarchy of needs. As Bogg points out, ‘The criticism of diagnostic categories (such as the stigma created by giving an individual a specific label) is not dispelled or underestimated†¦and a diagnosis can hold as much detriment as it can benefit†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bogg 2008: p.46). Ultimately, the restoration of her depot injection regime may be the trigger which decides the course of her care in the immediate future. Bibliography Adams, R., (2003), Social Work and Empowerment, 3rd Edition, Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke. Adams, R., (2002), Social Policy for Social Work, Palgrave, London. Adams, R., Dominelli, L., and Payne, M., (2002) (eds), Critical Practice in Social Work, Palgrave, London. Allen, J. A., Burwell, N. Y. (1980). Ageism and racism: Two issues in social work education and practice. Journal of Education for Social Work, 16 (2), pp. 71-77. Bartlett, P., and Sandland, R., (2003), Mental Health Law, Policy and Practice, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Bogg, D., (2008) , The Integration of Mental Health Social Work and the NHS, Learning Matters, Exeter. Croft, S., and Beresford, P., ‘Postmodernity and the future of welfare: whose critiques, whose social policy? In Carter, J., (ed) (1999), Postmodernity and the fragmentation of welfare, Routledge, London. Curran, C., and Grimshaw, C., (2002), ‘Compulsory admission to an NHS or Independent Hospital’, Openmind, Jan/Feb, No.13, p.29. Department of Health (2007), Mental Health Bill: Amending the Mental Heath Act 1983, DoH, London. Department of Health (2007), Mental Health Act 1983 Draft Revised Code of Practice (2007) Para4.4., DoH, London. Ferguson, H., (2001), ‘Social Work, Individialization and Life Politics’, British Journal of Social Work, 31, Open University Press, pp.41-55. Golightly, M., (2008), Social Work and Mental Health, 3rd Edition, Learning Matters, Exeter. Hewitt, D., (2007), The Nearest Relative Handbook, Jessica Kingsley, London. Jones, C., ‘The Case Against CCETSW’, Issues in Social Work Education, Vol.17, No.1, Spring 1997, pp.53-64. Parker, J., and Bradley, G., (2003), Social Work Practice:Assessment, planning, intervention and review, Learning Matters, Exeter. Parton, N., and O’Byrne, (2000), Constructive Social Work: Towards a New Practice, Palgrave, Basingstoke. Payne, M., (1995), Social Work and Community Care, London, Macmillan. Prior, P., (1992), ‘The Approved Social Worker: Reflections on its Origins.’, British Journal of Social Work, 22 (2), Open University Press, pp.105-19. Reid, W.L., and Hanrahan, P., (1981), ‘The Effectiveness of Social Work: Recent Evidence’, in Goldberg, M., and Connelly, N., (eds), Evaluative Care in Social Care, Heinemann, London. Rowland, N., and Gross, S., (2003), Evidence-Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies, Brunner-Routledge, Hove. Sheppard, M., (2006), Social Work and Social Exclusion: The Idea of Practice, Ashgate, Aldershot. Thompson, N., (2006), Anti-Discriminatory Practice, 4th Edition, Palgrave MacMillan, Baingstoke. Thompson, N., (1998), Promoting Equality: Challenging discrimination and oppression in the human services, MacMillan, Basingstoke. Thompson, N., (2000), Understanding Social Work, London, Macmillan Press. Watson, J.E., (2008) ‘The Times They Are A Changing’ – Post Qualifying Training Needs of Social Work Managers’, Social Work Education, Vol.27, No.3, April pp.318-333. Watson, F., Burrows, H., and Player, C., (eds), (2002), Integrating Theory and Practice in Social Work Education, Jessica Kingsley, London. Weale, A., (1978), Equality and Social Policy, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Au :: essays research papers

In the novel Pride and Prejudice, written by Jane Austen, several, if not all of her characters, can verify the idea that in order to achieve happiness one must abandon their pride and in turn, replace it with self-respect accompanied by some humility. In addition, tolerance and mutual respect must replace one’s prejudice. In the inception of the novel, the Bingley sisters, Caroline and Mrs. Hurst, exhibit their prejudice towards Jane because of their differences in social status. It is their pride that forces them to believe they are better than others solely because of the amount of money they have. It is their prejudice that causes them to earnestly avoid people of different social status and do everything their powers allow to ‘protecting’ family members such as Mr. Bingley from people of the lower class. Instead of realizing the love Mr. Bingley and Jane had towards each other, they allow their pride to blind them of the truth and foolishly assume that only a lady of equal status as theirs is ‘worthy’ of their brother’s love. To destroy any hopes Jane might entertain of marrying Mr. Bingley, the sisters connivingly convince her that that her love for Bingley is unrequited. They continue by saying that the marriage of Bingley to Miss Darcy, who will be â€Å"hereaf ter our [their] sister† will â€Å"secure the happiness of so many† people. But towards the end of the novel, even after all their efforts and hopes of separating the two, Jane and Bingley manage to get married. Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst are forced to swallow their pride and make amends with Jane because they know that if they didn’t, Mr. Bingley would never like them. The Bingley sisters displayed their tolerance and mutual respect towards Jane after the lower social class prejudice was removed. Caroline Bingley’s attempts to seek the affection of Mr. Darcy are another example of her lack of self-respect. Her excessive pride is evident in her confidence that Darcy â€Å"belongs† to her because of their similarities in social status. Her prejudice towards Elizabeth is evident in Caroline’s constant insults of her. She comments to Elizabeth that â€Å"Darcy is a gentleman† and is out of her league. Caroline foolishly believes that she can win Darcy’s affection by fawning over him. She fails to get Darcy’s affection because she does not have a genuine affection for him. She seeks only to ‘win’ him using her money and status in society.

Tradition: Lost And Kept :: essays research papers

Tradition: Lost and Kept Each culture in the world follows its own customs and traditions. These traditions, however, are sometimes broken to allow a compromise in their society, or are still kept throughout the culture's existence. In the story The Rain Came, an African tribe faces a harsh and desolate time because their tribe is experiencing a severe drought and as a result the livestock is dying from dehydration, the crops are drying out, and the tribe's Chief is called upon to remedy the situation. Following their tribe's tradition on asking the gods for assistance, the Chief discovered the only way to eliminate the drought is by sacrificing his daughter in a traditional ritual. The events that follow will show how the tribe's customs will be kept and lost. Tradition is shown in many parts of the story. The first example of tradition is evident in the scene where the Chief speaks to the ancestors to change the sacrifice; he loves his only daughter dearly and does not wish her to die. Unfortunately, he could not abandon his position as Chief and let the people die from the drought either. In the tribe, it was customary for the Chief to have several wives and children. The Chief married five wives and the fifth one brought him a daughter. Another tradition that was shown in the story was the explanation of how Oganda (the chief's only daughter) received her name. Her name meant "beans" because her skin was smooth, very much like the skins of beans. A last example of tradition is the sacrificing of Oganda. She is scheduled to be sacrificed to a lake monster in order for the tribal villages to receive precipitation and water. In modern days, we would check the local satellite forecast for the area and determine when to conserve water during a drought. However, in this story, tradition must be followed to allow the people to live and thrive, or does it? Revealing the parts of the story where tradition is kept is important in order to compare with the part where tradition is lost and compromised. The Chief keeps tradition when he arranges a meeting with all the family members except Oganda to discuss her sacrifice to better the chances of survival for everyone else. Oganda believes that her family is discussing her marriage and her morale and hopes increase until her family informs her of the situation. To the villagers, it was a great honor to let a woman's daughter to die for her country. To the Chief, it was a great and sad loss for his only daughter would

Functions of Management Essay examples -- Business Management Managing

Functions of Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not easy to manage an organization. It takes more than just business sense to know what you are doing when it comes to management procedures. There are a few strategies that can ensure the success of a business organization, but before you can determine those strategies, you have to know the four functions. The functions of management discussed in this paper will be planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This paper will also give examples of how I apply these functions of management in my own personal organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let me begin by stating, working for any company you begin to realize people are proud to work for companies that treat them well. They become connected to companies in more than an employer/employee relationship; they come to feel as if they are truly a part of an organization; not just one of the employees. Companies which are expanding to the global market will need even more to make all the positive contributions to ensure employees feel more than just workers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management takes planning the first function of management. Planning is determining what you want to accomplish, working out ahead how it is to be done, deciding who will be responsible for each step, and having every phase written down. Good management applies the steps of good planning to each part of the organization. To achieve good planning results without any problems, goals and objectives should be set. From these dec...

Semiotics of a Magazine

Studying semiotics: When we are looking at the study of semiotics it means we are to analyze the use of signs and symbols that the magazine cover uses. When studying a picture, advertisement or magazine cover you can take almost anything as a sign or symbol, anything can represent anything at the discretion of the writer or editor. It is for us to interpret what each sign or symbol is representing to the best of our knowledge. Semiotics are important in a work as they give us a better insight into the content, the ideology and what to expect within the magazine.After a close analysis of the semiotics of a magazine we can find out more about what it is about and can understand it more. By reading the signs and symbols it gives us a better sense of the type of magazine. â€Å"In Barthian visual semiotics, the key idea is the layering of meaning. The first layer is the layer of denotation, of what, or who, is being depicted here? The second layer is the layer of connotation, of what id eas and values are expressed through what is represented, and through the way in which it is represented? † (Van Leeuwen, 2001) The first step of the semiotic deconstruction of the cover is to â€Å"identify relevant signs and their dominant aspects† (Van Zoonen, 1994, p. 78) From a first glance at the magazine cover we can see that the masthead is in big and bold capitals as to stand out to the audience. People will look at the masthead and automatically recognize the magazine from the colours and font. The tone of orange and pink they use are colours that are represented as stereotypically girly colours. The sell lines on the left and right of the magazine are used to tell the audience what’s included in the magazine or who is in it.It will also give an insight to the genre of the magazine by showing what kind of articles are included and what kind of artists or people they interview or talk about. They include words such as â€Å"World exclusive† to mak e the audience believe they are getting something that nobody else has and that it is a must have. The header on this magazine reads â€Å"Britain’s No. 1 Women’s magazine†. This is to attract attention to the magazine on the shelf for other women to buy it other the understanding that if it is popular with everyone else then you should enjoy it too.The use of the white on the pink also stands out as the top is normally what you will see first on a magazine on the shelf in a shop. The main image used in this magazine is a picture of Angelina Jolie, who Is a popular actor and fashion icon. The image takes up nearly the whole background and is obviously being used as a big selling point of this magazine. She is not wearing any clothes from our view of the image and has her makeup done perfectly. This image is very sexualized by her facial expression and the amount of skin shown.The use of a pull quote with â€Å"I went from Nanny to Prostitute in 24 hours† , is used to draw the audience in to the magazine are want to read why this happened and gain their interest and attention . It shows that the magazine has these kind of gossip stories that some women have great interest in reading. Having isolated the major signs and aspects of the magazine we then must â€Å"continue to examine the paradigmusicatic of signs by asking what their absent opposites are and how they relate to each other syntagmatically†. This is to say that we need to find the assumptions made by a first look at the cover and to see if they have any opposites.The main image used in the cover is of a white western woman. This is the iconography of the western world as she is someone who would be famous throughout. If they had a darker woman of less significance on the page then you would feel that the magazine would not sell as many copies. Her hair is down and her facial expression and lack of clothing is very sexualized whereas if you were to have her uptight w ith hair tied up and in a formal outfit then you may think that people would not buy it as she doesn’t seem as open and laid back and less likely to be giving all her gossip in the interview.You feel that there is a kind of ethnocentrism related to magazines such as these as they often are associated with people associated with your own western culture and not from anywhere else. We can then being to denotate what is on the magazine cover. The colour scheme used is that of pink, orange and white. This is to associate the magazine directly to women as these are stereotypical female colours. The font used is a basic one and is often in bold; it is easy to read and stands out on the page.The cover lines feature â€Å"3 sex secrets that will change everything†, various lines about the celebrities included in the magazine and also â€Å"How to get rid of cellulite or at least hide it†, all the coverlines are related to either sex, image or celebrity lives. On a conno tation level we can see that the connotations gathered by analysis of this cover they are predominantly about femininity and sexuality. Even thought his is a magazine for women we see that the main image used is a picture of, what we are made to believe, Angelina Jolie naked. She has her makeup done up and has a sexualized look in her eyes staring at the camera.This is a confusing decision in these magazines as you would feel that if you are to judge by how male magazines are made, with semi naked pictures of women also, then you would think that they would have a semi naked man on the cover to their magazine. The 21st century has shown a change back to when women have been used as objects in magazines like this in western civilization but is just taken to be the normality in this part of the world. â€Å"The re-sexualisation of women’s bodies, often displayed in public space and in near-soft porn forms, goes comparatively unremarked – except by those from other, less ‘liberated’ cultures†. Branston, 2010) The media has a huge control on how we represent women and men in a western civilisation. From what is read and seen in magazine we get the perceptions of this is how normal people should be and act and that is completely controllable and interchangeable by what the media chooses to do. This is a high power that we should try and move away from as it will control the world and people will always be aiming to be like the celebrities and people shown in these magazines and in the media. Research on media representations of gender has focused on how women are objectified and exploited in a media context and on the gap between social reality and media constructions of femininity and masculinity†( Devereux, 2003) The idea that celebrities mean so much in our society influences on people to be like them. Celebrities are just normal people that have perhaps a talent or a different look, but once the media throws them into the spotlight then it is our turn to idolize them. Magazines such as this one are filled with advertising and fake stories and the cover shows this by showing hidden advertising for a â€Å"? 5 dress that flatters everyone†. This kind of advertising draws people in to read ‘stories’ that are actually just ads for different products. â€Å"The point of publicity and promotion is to turn advertising into news†(Turner, 2004) References: Branston, G. , & Stafford, R. (2010). The media student's book  (5th  ed. ). London: Routledge. Devereux, E. (2003). Understanding the Media. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Turner, G. (2004). Understanding Celebrity. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Van, L. T. , ; Jewitt, C. (2001). Handbook of visual analysis. London: SAGE. Zoonen, L. (1994). Feminist media studies. London: Sage.

Reunion Essay

†Reunion† is a short story, written by John Cheever. John William Cheever was an American short story writer and novelist, who lived 70 years from May 27, 1912 to June 18, 1982. He is known worldwide as â€Å"the Chekhov of the suburbs† and for his many short stories and novels. 1 The short story â€Å"Reunion†, which I want to analyse and interpret, was originally published in in 1962 in The New Yorker. 2 The text is a short act with few persons, the environment is non-detailed and the story have one conflict, which all are characterising a traditional short story.The story is about a boy named Charlie, who is traveling from his grandmother’s in Adirondacks to a cottage on the Cape and is going to be between trains for an hour and a half in New York. He grabs the opportunity to visit his father, who he had not seen since his mother divorced him three years ago. As Charlie arrives to the Grand Central Station, he meets his missing father, and together they walked on to a nearby restaurant. Charlie was happy to finally see his father, and as they walked together, Charlie proudly wanted the whole world to see them.At the restaurant the father could not behave himself because of his dissatisfaction with the service, and they ended up leaving to eat at another restaurant. At the second restaurant they ordered a drink and where having a good time with each other, but the good time ended early, once again because of the fathers bad behaviour. This time he was unsatisfied with the waiter, who did not wanted to give Charlie another drink, because of his age. They went to another restaurant again, where the father also started arguing with the waiter.They walked into the fourth restaurant and the same happened. All the restaurant trouble had made the time pass, and Charlie had to catch his train without a successfully restaurant visit. The father wanted to give Charlie a paper to read in the train, and at their way back to the station, t hey stopped by a newsstand. The father began discussing with the man at the newsstand, and Charlie ended up saying goodbye to his father to leave the station on the train, unhappy, disappointed and without any food or paper. The main characters in the story are Charlie and his father.Charlie is a boy, who wishes to have a father to look up to and be proud of, but got the complete opposite. Charlie is under 21, because he cannot be served alcoholic drinks in the restaurant. From what Charlie tells in the beginning, we know that the father is big and good-looking. I think of him as a stressed businessman with too many things going on at the same time and maybe a little abuse of alcohol. The reason to my thoughts is, that his wife divorced him, he have not had time to see his son since, his secretary is answering his messages and he cannot behave himself in the restaurants.In the story there is a development between the father and Charlie. To begin with their relationship is good and t hey are both happy to see each other. But as the father’s behaviour is getting worse throughout the story, Charlie begins to realise, that he feels disappointed and unhappy about his father and his behaviour. This negative development is clearly shown at the end of the story, where Charlie ends up leaving his father with an empty feeling. The text is easy to read and it is easy to understand the language.The narrator is Charlie, and he tells the story from his own point of view. The story also tells about Charlie’s thoughts and feelings, for example his excitement and happiness about seeing his father in the beginning. The writer is also using direct speeches between the father and the different waiters and Charlie to show and underpin the father’s bad behaviour. The story takes place in New York, USA and the action takes place on the Grand Central Station, the 4 restaurants, the streets they are walking trough and the newsstand.The story is, like I said earlier , from 1962, but I think, that it is timeless, because it is a story, which could have happened today as well. I would even say, that the story fits 2013 better than 1962, because it is more normal and frequent to be divorced and have a busy and stressed life. There are some different themes appearing in the story. One of the themes is stress. It is clear, that the father is very stressed about something. It could be his failed marriage, his job or just his insecurity about not being a good enough father to Charlie. That leads us to the next theme; bad parenting.Charlie has not seen his father since the divorce three years ago, and that is of course not good parenting by neither of the parents. It is of course the father’s problem, but the mother could maybe also have had a bad influence in the situation. I think the two themes reminds a lot of each other. In this story stress leads to bad parenting. The father’s own life is stressed, and that is making his behaviour t o other people bad. His bad behaviour to other people is making him a bad parent, because Charlie obviously does not like being with his father, when he acts in that way.With these two themes, the main theme and the message of the story appears. I think, that John Cheever wants to remind people of the importance of treating other people in the same way, that you treat your nearest friends and family. Because in the story it is the father’s bad treatment of other people that courses his bad relationship to his own son. That leads to the message: no matter how busy and stressed you are, always remember to treat other people in the same way, that you will treat your own family, or else you will loose the ones you care about.â€Å"Reunion† and â€Å"Living with strangers† have a lot of the same aspects. â€Å"Living with strangers† has a narrator, who describes the life in New York, where strangers does not care about you and are living their own stressed lif e. The narrator is from another culture, a smaller city, where it is normal to talk and care about other people, and she does not like the way the people of New York treats each other. The narrator’s situation is very similar to the narrator in â€Å"Reunion†, Charlie, who does not like his father’s behaviour.

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Case study: PROBLEM STATEMENT No laws for blind and disable and therefore no rights are allocated to them. BACKGROUND INFORMATION:United Kingdom has rectified united nation convention on the right of person with disabilities on 8 June 2009 and after that it submit to the report to UNCRDP about suggested improvement and activities that it has implemented after the rectification of it. Before going to the content of the report, first we visited the UNCRDP articles which are related to blind.Article which are linked to disable (blind) and mobility:Article one describe the aim of the convention which is to grow , safeguard and ensure equal human rights, basic freedoms for all disable Persons those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments. Article 2 provided definitions the related terms. Languages, display of text for disable , Braille for blind, tactile communication, , accessible multimedia , written, audio, human-reader, plain-language and improved and alternative modes are included in â€Å"communication† , spoken and signed languages and all forms of non-spoken languages are all included in language. All the design of products, environments, programmers and services that can be used by people , these all cannot exclude disable person â€Å"universal design† â€Å"Article 4 the general obligations ensure nations to adopt all appropriate legislative, administrative, policies and other measures like technology, mobility aid , devices at affordable cost for the implementation of the rights recognized in the present Convention and also ensure in all these process , disable person should be include in it. Article 9 â€Å"the Accessibility† enables persons with disabilities to live freely and for that states parties shall take suitable measures on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications, elimination of obstacles and barriers to accessibility. At buildings, roads, transportation and other indoor and outdoor, including schools, housing, medical facilities and workplaces, facilities and Information, communications and electronic and emergency services. Furthermore states parties shall also take appropriate measures for developing standard provide in buildings and other facilities open to the public signage in Braille and in easy to read and understand forms, promote the design, development, production and distribution of accessible information and communications technologies and systems which help disable. Article 20 which is Personal mobility describe to provide quality mobility aids, devices, assistive technologies and forms of live assistance and intermediaries, including by making them available at affordable cost; and provide training in mobility skill to disable person.Disability rights in the UK: UK Independent Mechanism updated submission to the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ahead of the public examination of the UK's implementation of the UN CRPD. The step shall be taken by United Kingdom and the step which it already taken after the rectification of UNCRPD under its article 33 are describe the submission provides information on the implementation in the UK of the CRPD in August 2017.Accessibility (Articles 9, 21, 30):In this report, they describe their problem which was earlier and now it exist after it about accessibility article which is that there is a continues barriers to accessing rail, bus and taxi services across the UK for disable person and no sufficient information available to people with sensory impairments on trains and buses. After the rectification of UNCRDP, the Bus Services Act 2017 (the 2017 Act) was introduced on 19 May 2016 in the House of Lords and received Royal Assent on April 27 2017.The Bus Services Act 2017 (the 2017 Act): To improve bus services for passengers and uses a new tool kit to enable improvement is the aim of the act. The powers in the 2017 Act could be used to achieve better journeys with new buses serving more or different locations, operating at night or weekends, Easier, contactless payment, More tickets that work across operators and modes, provide information about when your bus will arrive and how much it will cost and it will more accessible for disable passengers. In UK one in twelve people being disable so in this it emphasize to provide inclusive service to them as they more use bus than rail and take a step to improve the service.Provide them accessibility features like wheelchair, more space on-board vehicles, and make a system which provides audible and visible service which identifies routes and stops which help blind. Provide information to them as many disable do not want to travel in it as they have lack confidence about it. It is recommending in the act that authorities should provide information about the features of the services which help disable passengers. Information should describe transport networks, bus point, stations and stops, put a Accessibility features for disable in the vehicles such as audible and visible announcement; Information must provide about bus passes and local discretionary concessions, provide training to customers and staff about disability awareness. All the transportation which provided in soft copy must provide in hard copy and accessible format such as braille. (Disability rights in the UK: UK Independent Mechanism updated submission to the CRPD Committee)(Convention on the Rights of Persons nwith Disabilities and Optional Protocol)(https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY;mtdsg_no=IV-15;chapter=4;lang=_en;clang=_en)(The Bus Services Act 2017 New powers and opportunities) LESSON LEARN:United nation convention on the rights of disable person are developed comprehensively, but this paper does not have value unless and until the countries adopt it , rectified it into their laws and make act which are align to this convention . law is the document which provide framework about action which need to be undertaken. In our country, there is no law developed specifically for blind and for their mobility it means we destroy our extensive population which are blind and not involve them in our economy and not follow fundamental right of Pakistan constitution 1973.

A dream is a wish your heart makes

You dream of all the wonderful possibilities of living. And you find solace in your reams. â€Å"I want to fly, I will study and become a pilot†¦ † â€Å"l want to make a difference in the world† etc. And as you are on your journey towards your dream you will come across people who will condemn you for the dreams you dream and for the thing you do. People are constantly looking for faults in other people so that they can feel better about themselves. Sometimes these people might be your closest friends your family etc. But you know what keep fighting to live your dream..And of course you will also come across people who will support you encourage you and inspire you to omelet your journey. Mostly in our Asian society if your dream or aspiration is not related to medicine engineering or law it is squished like a bug. Would know; I speak from experience. Some of us of course get lucky and can lay the foundations underneath their castles in the air. But most of us get stuck doing the things we hate because we are not allowed to dream of the things we love. And so we wait, we tell ourselves just one more year just few more days till we become our own people and can do what we like.We are always waiting for that one moment where we can metamorphosis from a trilateral and escape this cocoon and go on our adventures as beautiful butterfly. And if we believe in our wings we will surely fly. That's the trick believing in yourself. Life may look like you are at the edge off cliff about to fall but just stop an feel the water spraying on your face the wind in your hair and the thrill and excitement of it all and once you embrace yourself -? jump! And guess what you don't fall you fly because embracing yourself ad fighting for yourself is what made you this butterfly with these beautiful wings with which you fly.Take risks plunge into the unknown but always believe and never lose hope. Every life is important and every life is worth living. We all are li ke stars making up a the constellation of life and even without one star it loses its meaning. You may sometimes feel like you are less important the another person but remember you are you that is something no one can ever be. ‘Some people are like wildfire rushing and spontaneously changing everyone in their path but we are like the molten lava that flows below the earths surface changing the very foundations upon which we stand.

10 things you learned about American history Essay

10 things you learned about American history - Essay Example The document had the traits of democratic principles the country would be based on. Signing of the Declaration marked the end of the war and signaled the desire of the former colony to build its own state. The declaration was a new phenomenon for its times and marked the end of the era of empires. 3. I learned different groups within the same society can have different views on the rights. In this view the history of Mexican-American War is significant because resulted in the acquisition of new territories and marked the nation’s potential for expansion. However, the war was very divisive both in Congress and the society. The war brought the problem of sectionalism to the surface. What is more, the debates in the Congress bore the seeds of growing tensions between northern and southern states concerning their different views on slavery. 4. I learned that from the start the concept of equality was important for the USA. The Civil War became the major conflict caused, among other factors, by the different views on the principles underlying the structure of the society, namely the belief that all men were born equal. The Civil War was the largest military conflict in the history of the country at the time. It was the first occasion when hostilities started because the nation itself was divided and not as a result of the aggression from the outside. For me the Civil War is significant because it led to the abolishment of slavery and the establishment of the society we know today. 5. I learned that in the modern world, there is no such thing as local war. In this view, World War II demonstrated that countries could no longer be isolated. Even though military aggression of Germany and Japan did not pose immediate threat to the US territory, the bombing of Pearl Harbor proved that Nazism endangered all the humanity and concerned every nation. The decision of the US to join the war marked the