tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47056530336796328572024-02-08T07:26:12.106-08:00Analysis paper outlineJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.comBlogger228125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-61149691898672378122020-08-27T11:39:00.001-07:002020-08-27T11:39:06.326-07:00Economics and Market free essay sample?Evaluate the view that making an oligopolistic advertise progressively contestable is the most ideal approach to improve the proficiency of that showcase. The hypothesis of totally contestable markets was introduced as a speculation of the hypothesis of entirely serious markets and was introduced as giving rules to the direct of guideline, to be specific to permit opportunity of section and exit and to guarantee equivalent access of contenders. An oligopolistic advertise is a specific market that is constrained by few firms. An oligopoly is a lot of like a restraining infrastructure, where just one organization applies authority over the vast majority of a market, anyway in an oligopoly, there are at any rate two firms controlling the market. A contestable market is one where occupant firms face genuine and likely rivalry. A market with just one firm can in any case be contestable if there are not kidding dangers of section into that showcase. By expanding a marketââ¬â¢s contestability, the general proficiency ought to improve in light of the fact that it would make occupant firms all the more beneficially, progressively, allocatively and x-proficient. This paper will hence contend that contestability is the most ideal approach to make a market increasingly serious as it improves each of the four parts of effectiveness. So as to improve a marketââ¬â¢s contestability, hindrances to passage must be brought down. The Royal Mail used to be a lawful restraining infrastructure yet now firms are permitted to enter the market for sending letters. This has expanded contestability. Licenses and other authoritative obstructions could be brought all together down to expand contestability. Firms are along these lines ready to deliver items that they would beforehand not have been permitted to make. Anyway there is likewise a peril that by lessening licenses, firms and business people will have no motivation to create or improve. Decreasing duties, for example, the European Unionââ¬â¢s choice to lessen taxes on imported merchandise from the inside the EU from January 2014, will cause firmsââ¬â¢ expenses to reduce subsequently making it more probable that they will sell their products. Also, by battling against arrangement, ruthless evaluating and cartels, it is simpler for firms to enter the market which will build contestability. Firms that would have considered conspiring or entering a cartel are probably not going to do as such in a contestable market in light of the chance of another firm that can deliver the great at a lower cost or an attempt at manslaughter section. On the off chance that there are low section and leave costs, at that point firms can take part in attempt at manslaughter strategies. This implies on the off chance that an industry is making supernormal benefits, at that point a firm can enter and exploit the significant expenses and high benefits. Cartels and arrangement are both wasteful in light of the fact that they include constraining yield while raising the cost of their great which makes them allocatively and gainfully wasteful. Along these lines a contestable market is increasingly productive. In an incontestable market, a firmsââ¬â¢ point of picking up restraining infrastructure power through benefit amplification by creating at the yield of MC=MR (Figure 1) is profitably, allocatively and x-wasteful on the grounds that they can satisfice and produce over the SRACT (Figure 2). X-effectiveness happens when a firm works on their SRATC and they are probably going to be progressively wasteful on the off chance that they are in an incontestable market since they don't have to deliver on their SRATC. Profitable productivity includes creating at the absolute bottom on an organizations short run normal cost bend where AC=MC and Allocative effectiveness happens where MC=AR and when all assets are being circulated so as to fulfill need. In the event that this market were contestable, at that point firms would be compelled to be produce at lower expenses and sell at lower costs, accordingly being increasingly effective. Except if the occupant firm decreases its costs, at that point they should leave the market or hazard making odd benefits. This can be seen on Fig. 3 where P2 and Q2 make typical benefit along these lines keeping away from danger of passage from different firms. This is in contrast with the incontestable market of P1 and Q1 where the firm benefit amplifies where MC=MR. Firms in a contestable market are along these lines is beneficially, allocatively and x-productive. Because of the way that organizations, in a contestable market, need to persistently improve purchaser decision and their nature of merchandise or administrations, they are bound to powerfully proficient. Dynamic effectiveness involves firms putting resources into better nature of item or more customer decision. Despite the fact that organizations in an incontestable market are bound to have bigger supernormal benefits, they are more averse to put away their cash since they have less of a motivator to contend and may choose to satisfice as opposed to put resources into innovative work. Along these lines a firm in a contestable market must be all the more powerfully effective on the off chance that they need to keep on making benefit since they are contending with different firms and should separate themselves through an improved nature of item. Another approach to improve contestability is through the web. The web can bring down market costs and sunk expenses for new firms. Firms no longer need to stress over spending too much on notice to make ground-breaking brand. With insignificant consumption, they can without much of a stretch arrive at a huge number of customers around the world. Likewise, since the expenses of exit are lower, more will face challenge. Besides, the web implies a few organizations may decide to work totally online which essentially assists with lessening enormous overhead expenses. Anyway enormous built up firms can rehearse limit estimating and can let down the cost of their products to a level where new firms may think that its unrewarding to join the business. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-71552403170000885842020-08-22T11:45:00.001-07:002020-08-22T11:45:38.065-07:00Black Holes: The Power Source for Future Space Travel? :: Space Exploration Essays Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-69955485589545079052020-08-21T09:27:00.001-07:002020-08-21T09:27:23.463-07:00Topics to Write an Essay OnTopics to Write an Essay OnTopics to write an essay on are a common choice among students. The topics can range from career options, social issues, and personal achievements. It can be helpful for some students to learn how to do research so they can prepare for the essays that require the use of facts.Some students start their own essays by going to college libraries and reading up on a topic. Others start researching on their own. For those who do not know how to research their own topic, there are many resources available online. Some are free while others require a subscription to use.If you have questions about how to research your topic, you can contact the academic support or advisor at your school. They can provide you with information and examples of topics that you can research. They will also help you in writing the essay for that particular topic. When starting off, it is important to start simple. Just enough information to get the topic started will help in the writing process.There are many ways to research your own essay. One of these is going to the library and looking up the topic. There are several books and journals that can provide you with facts and other details on the topic you are researching.Another way to research your topic before writing the paper is to look at a variety of articles in different writing programs. These programs are known as word processors. They have a very powerful search function. You may want to check out what is popular for this particular article in the year 2020.Some schools allow students to purchase such a software program to help them with background research on their topic. This software will also provide information on what other people think about the topic. These types of articles will give you a good idea of how to write the paper.Once you decide what topic you are going to write about, the next step is to research on how to write a good paper. There are many resources available online to help you in t his task. Use the internet as well as books at your local library to find as much information as possible on writing the paper.The basics of the topic are important to know before you begin to write the paper. Researching on the topic is necessary before writing the paper. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-54004425997326277892020-05-25T17:18:00.001-07:002020-05-25T17:18:05.092-07:00Christian History And The Holy Spirit Essay - 1496 Words Christian history is active and alive as the Holy Spirit works in and amongst the community of Christians who comprise the Church. Similar to the recording of history in the first century by Luke in the Acts of the Apostles, Christian history is still being written today. Specifically, as Evangelical Christians, we write the story of history each day as we work to fulfill the Great Commission (Matthew 28:16-20) through application of the Great Commandment (Matthew 22: 37-40). As such, we soon realize that we are not casual observers or bystanders of history, but actual participants. In other words, we have a responsibility to both understand and interpret the past and then apply the faith we hold amongst the generation and peoples of the here and now. As we obediently apply Godââ¬â¢s word to, ââ¬Å"go therefore and make disciples of all nationsâ⬠and to ââ¬Å"love God and to love your neighbor as yourself,â⬠we should awaken to the key terms of ââ¬Å"all nationsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"your neighbor.â⬠It is with this realization that our neighbors, in the communities in which we live, literally represent the nations of the world. In other words, in the modern world in which we live, changes in demographics, world events, and movements of people have literally brought the nations of the world to our front door. As such, we have a great opportunity to open these doors, which turn opens the door to the gospel to the nations of the world. Washington State in general and the South Puget Sound Region in particular areShow MoreRelatedUnusual Phenomena That Took Place Under God s Divine Spirit1593 Words à |à 7 Pagesunusual phenomenaââ¬â¢s that took place under Godââ¬â¢s divine spirit. According to Anderson he asserts, the New Testament ââ¬Å"Bears witness to unusual manifestations of the Spirit, especially in the book of Acts in the bibleâ⬠¦Paul addresses this in his first letter to the Corinthians in Corinth in which he describes his Charismata in speaking of tongues, prophecy and miraculous healings stemmed from the early church in the first century.â⬠(Anderson). And the charismata experience had a profound and lastingRead MoreThe Church And Its Impact On The Evangelical Church1073 Words à |à 5 Pages Living in a post Christian world presents a number of challenges or, depending on oneââ¬â¢s perspective, opportunities, for the evangelical church. Many Christian terms, once considered common vernacular, have become abstruse or even obsolete to the ordinary person. Christians, especially those holding positions of leadership in churches, now find themselves in need of answers to theological questions that forego the use of theological language. Few theological concepts rival, in difficulty of understandingRead MoreThe Spiritual Gift Of Apostles And Prophets1087 Words à |à 5 Pagesof God instructs Christians that ââ¬Å"the body of Christâ⬠is ââ¬Å"built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstoneâ⬠(Eph. 2:20). Nevertheless, the debate is still on going if the office of the apostles and prophets ceased during the ââ¬Å"Apostolic Ageâ⬠or if it has continued on to the present day. This research paper will offer the Charismatic Movement opinion that advocates the interpretation of modern day apostles and prophets. A history of Charismatic theologyRead MoreThe Beliefs that Effect Christianity Essay1228 Words à |à 5 Pagescore principles which are generally true for all of them, for example the belief of the Holy Trinity or better known as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is what would be considered a primary belief. A primary belief is an idea that is a generally universal idea that is accepted by all the different sects of Christianity and must influence the secondary beliefs in the religion. For example the Holy Trinity is accepted by Roman Catholics, Protestants, Baptist, and etc. However what separatesRead MorePneumatology: Spiritual Gifts1086 Words à |à 5 PagesGifts are, Gifts of God enabling the Christian to perform his or her (sometimes specializes) services. There are several words in the New Testament that s used for spiritual gifts. Pneumatikas, and char ismata are frequently found, with charismata being the most common. Charisma signifies redemption or salvation as the gift of Godââ¬â¢s grace (Rom 5:15; 6:23) and a gift enabling the Christian to perform his services in the church (1 Cor 7:7), enabling a Christian to perform a particular ministry inRead MoreThe Spirit Of The Holy Spirit1257 Words à |à 6 PagesMost of my ministry career has been spent trying to house break the Holy Spirit. As a young man I saw so many instances of ministers manipulating people to try and drum up the Holy Spirit or the people to receive the Holy Spirit that I thought the Holy Spirit needed our help if He was to move in the lives of people. I had never really seen the work or manifestations of the Holy Spirit outside of a southern Pentecostal setting. Furthermore, as a young man, I was always impressed with the EvangelistRead MoreThe 19 Major World Religions1537 Words à |à 7 PagesGunnar Sloan Mrs. Lingenfelter English 11 1 March 2015 History of Christianity Of the 19 major world religions and 270 groups Christianity is one of the most well known and most common beliefs in God. Nearly a sixth of the worldââ¬â¢s population are Christians today. It has a very important history to its believers and it has changed throughout thousands of years to become the most famous world religion there is today. Christianity did not start off as a well known and popular religion. It startedRead MoreTrinitarian Baptismal Formula1231 Words à |à 5 Pagesbehold, the heavens were opened, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove and lighting on Him, and behold, a voice out of the heavens said, ââ¬Å"This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well-pleased.â⬠At the end of his earthly ministry, Jesus gave the command to his disciples to ââ¬Å"Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.â⬠As soon as they received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, the disciples began to carry outRead MorePerspectives On Spirit Baptism : Comparative Analysis Paper1469 Words à |à 6 PagesPerspectives on Spirit Baptism: Comparative Analysis Paper Nupur James Pentecostal Theology Pent 0505 Instructor: Peter Neumann Date: October 21, 2016 Spirit baptism has been an important topic in the Church for a really long time and while we discuss this topic we always have several questions rising about this issue. Churches have different perspective about the way they address the issue. The common question which arises with this topic are that, some of the Churches claimRead MoreHow Pentecostalism Is One Of The Major Denomination Of Protestant Christianity That Originated From The 19th Century1138 Words à |à 5 PagesCharles Parham who taught that speaking in tongues was a spiritual gift that demonstrated as evidence of baptism with the Holy Spirit, a distinct type of baptism experienced in chapter two of the book of Acts on the day of Pentecost. On January 1st of 1901, Agnes Ozman, a student at Bethel Bible School, was the first person to speak in tongues after being baptized with The Holy Spirit. This marks the beginning of the Pentecostal Revival. In 1905, Parham began preaching in Houston, Texas where he began Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-24372897158708337552020-05-14T23:36:00.001-07:002020-05-14T23:36:02.639-07:00Sad Plays - Tragedies and Tear-jerkers Have you ever noticed how some plays are such a downer? Even some plays that are supposed to be comedies, such as Anton Chekovs masterpieces, are dour and cynical and downright depressing. Of course, the theater -- like life -- isnt all about comedy and happy endings. To be reflective of human nature, playwrights often delve into the tears-soaked corners of their souls, producing literary works that are timeless tragedies that evoke both terror and pity, just how Aristotle likes it! Here is a list of theaters most hauntingly sad plays: #10 - Night Mother There are many plays that explore the topic of suicide, but few are as direct and, dare I say, as persuasive as Marsha Normans play, night Mother. During the course of a single evening, an adult daughter has a sincere conversation with her mother, clearly explaining how she plans to take her own life before dawn. The daughters miserable life has been plagued with tragedy and mental illness. However, now that she has made her decision, she has gained clarity. No matter how her mother argues and begs, the daughter will not change her mind. New York theater critic John Simon praise the playwright stating that Marsha Norman conveys the simultaneous monstrousness and ordinariness of this event: that Jessie both solicitously provides for her mothers future and abandons her, coolly matter-of-fact about what strikes most of us as the ultimate irrational act. As with many sad, tragic and controversial plays, Night Mother ends with much to contemplate and discuss. #9 - Romeo and Juliet Millions of people think of Shakespeares classic Romeo and Juliet as the ultimate love story. Romantics view the two star-crossed lovers as the quintessential young couple, forgoing the wishes of their parents, throwing caution to the proverbial wind and settling for nothing less than true love, even if it comes at the cost of death. However, theres a more cynical way of looking at this story: Two hormone-driven teenagers kill themselves because of the stubborn hatred of ignorant adults. The tragedy may be overrated and overdone, but consider the ending of the play: Juliet lies asleep but Romeo believes that she is dead so he prepares to drink poison in order to join her. The situation remains one of the most devastating examples of dramatic irony in the history of the stage. #8 - Oedipus the King Also known as Oedipus Rex, this tragedy is the most famous work of Sophocles, a Greek playwright who lived over two thousand years ago. In case you have never heard the plot of this famous myth, you may want to skip to the next play on the list. Spoiler Alert: Oedipus discovers that years ago he murdered his biological father and unknowingly married his biological mother. The circumstances are grotesque, but the real tragedy stems from the bloody reactions of the characters as each participant learns the unbearable truth. The citizens are filled with shock and pity. Jocasta hangs herself. And Oedipus uses the pins from her dress to gauge out his eyes. Well, we all cope in different ways I guess. Creon, Jocastas brother, takes over the throne. Oedipus will wander around Greece as a wretched example of mans folly. (And I assume Zeus and his fellow Olympians enjoy a mean-spirited chuckle.) Read the complete plot summary of Oedipus the King. #7 - Death of a Salesman Playwright Arthur Miller doesnt just kill off his protagonist, Willy Loman, by the end of the play. He also does his best to euthanize the American Dream. The aging salesman once believed that charisma, obedience, and persistence would lead to prosperity. Now that his sanity is wearing thin, and his sons have failed to live up to his expectations, Loman determines that he is worth more dead than alive. In my review of the play, I explain how this drama may not be my favorite of Millers work, but the play clearly accomplishes its goal: To make us understand the painfulness of mediocrity. And we learn a valuable, common sense lesson: Things dont always go the way we want them to go. #6 - Wit: There is a lot of humorous, heartwarming dialogue to be found in Margaret Edsons Wit. Yet, despite the plays many life affirming moments, Wit is filled with clinical studies, chemotherapy, and long stretches of painful, introspective loneliness. Its the story of Dr. Vivian Bearing, a hard-as-nails English professor. Her callousness is most evident during the plays flashbacks. While she narrates directly to the audience, Dr. Bearing recalls several encounters with her former students. As the pupils struggle with the material, often embarrassed by their intellectual inadequacy, Dr. Bearing responds by saying intimidating and insulting them. Yet, as Dr. Bearing revisits her past, she realizes she should have offered more human kindness to her students. Kindness is something Dr. Bearing will come to desperately crave as the play continues. If you have already experienced Wit then you know you will never look at John Donnes poetry the same way. The main character uses the cryptic sonnets to keep her intellect sharp, but by the end of the play she learns that academic excellence is no match for human compassion, and perhaps a bedtime story. Continue reading the Top Ten List of the Worlds Saddest Plays. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-47737051921531907022020-05-06T15:51:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:51:35.996-07:00Homelessness The Problem Of Homelessness - 1350 Words Homelessness There are many parts to the subject of homelessness, of course people talk about the solutions to it like The Ten Year Plan, then there is the history of it starting from the 1640ââ¬â¢s. Also there is discussions about Homeless Shelters and more recently Anti-homeless Legislation. Then there are always the staggering statistics. The homeless is a very one minded topic for most. Most people think that the homeless should be helped, cared for, and educated for success. This is true (at least it is politically correct). Although Homelessness started in the 1640ââ¬â¢s and has continued to be a problem today, now we have started to criminalize homelessness. There have been Anti-homelessness legislations all over Los Angeles and other areas. These legislations have made it so thatâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"For thousands of homeless people across the country living in areas with anti-homeless laws, getting shut-eye could also mean getting handcuffed.â⬠(Couch). There was an appeal to the court on December 6, 2005 between Jones and Los Angeles, The facts underlying this appeal are largely undisputed. Edward Jones, Patricia Vinson, George Vinson, Thomas Cash, Stanley Barger, and Robert Lee Purrie (Appellants) are homeless individuals who live on the streets of Los Angeles s Skid Row district. Appellees are the City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles Police Department (L.A.P.D.) Chief William Bratton, and Captain Charles Beck (Appellees or the City). (Jones v. City of Los Angeles). As peopleShow MoreRelatedHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1479 Words à |à 6 Pages Homelessness Do you think the government is really doing enough to fix the issue of homelessness?According to Lee, Dozens of homeless were left with nothing after a local Seattle organization (SHARE) closed its shelters (Lee, ââ¬Å"Dozens of homeless camp out at county building after SHARE closes its sheltersâ⬠). How could the government just let these people live without shelter? It even got to the point where the homeless were camping outside a county building because they had no other options.Read MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1379 Words à |à 6 PagesAlthough the numbers of homelessness in the States have decreased in the past 10 years, more than 3.5 million people each year experience homelessness, with 578,424 individuals experience homelessness each night (endhomelessness.org). Many poverty-stricken people are consistently at the risk of homelessness; there is a lack of affordable housing, many jobs provide low income, and destitute people cannot afford medical care for support. However, homelessness does not only extend to the penniless -Read MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness Essay1286 Words à |à 6 Pagesled to homelessness. These barriers may be a numerous amount of things such as substance abuse, personal trauma, unhealthy relationships, health problems, or unemployment. No matter the barrier, goals need to be set and must be realistic. If the goals seem impossible to reach they will be. Finally, there must be a commitment to following through with the set goals and a realization that this is an ongoing process that will not change overnight. There is a misinformed stigma of homelessness, whichRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness Essay1182 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Problem: Homelessness in Auckland Homelessness is a major issue in Auckland that is increasing rapidly over time. Generally defined by Statistics New Zealand ââ¬Å"as living situations where people with no other options to acquire safe and secure housing: are without shelter, in temporary accommodation, sharing accommodation with a household or living in uninhabitable housingâ⬠, research has also found that there are four categories of homelessness including; without shelter e.g. living on the streets;Read MoreHomelessness Is A Problem Of Homelessness1658 Words à |à 7 PagesHomelessness in Society Imagine you are homeless and have no shelter, or nowhere to go. You walk through storms in the same clothes you had on a week ago. You look around for help, but there is none. What would you do? Or imagine you are one of the forgotten ones, whom people call dirty, and disgusting. Suddenly you hear footsteps, with hope filled inside you, and then a sudden sadness strikes you as the 1378th careless person walks by you and doesn t notice you. All you want is somewhere to sleepRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness802 Words à |à 4 PagesConclusion Homelessness has been an ongoing problem in the United States and it cannot be decreased until each state comes up with a plan that is affective. However, in order for this to work the economy needs to recover to the point where no one is without a job and is paid a wage that is manageable. The negative stereotypes of judging the homeless needs to be stopped and people need to be educated that homelessness can affect anyone. Although there are many services available to assist the homelessRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness1562 Words à |à 7 PagesHomelessness We have already past Stone Age and marched towards the modern where we can see fascinating technology and different invention where cancer can be a cured with different medication but homeless still exists and is on the verge of increasing day by day. We canââ¬â¢t imagine ourselves being lost or not knowing where to go or what to do. Spending every day and night either depending on someone else or finding a shelter where you can have a nap. Waking up with the noises of the cars and otherRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness1584 Words à |à 7 PagesHomelessness Awareness At some point in their life, a person has seen or heard of an individual who lives on the streets. The individual who lives on the streets and holds a sign that says they need money for food is consider homeless. Sadly, these individuals are everywhere and the amount of people under this title is slowly increasing. However, in this nation we have the ability to begin decreasing that number. By providing the necessary amount of assistance required to place these individualsRead MoreHomelessness Is A Problem Of Homelessness1610 Words à |à 7 PagesHomelessness is a monster. Each day, there are people on the streets suffering from homelessness. These unsheltered people litter the streets, and plead for help. There are different types of homelessness, but the most monstrous is chronic. The chronically homeless are left to endure the hardships of homelessness without hope of an effective solution. Americans disregard all homeless populations, but the most heart wrenching group that is d isregarded is the veterans. The veteran homelessness problemRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness2773 Words à |à 12 PagesJosh Elliott November 5, 2014 Professor Clark English 1102 Final Draft Homelessness in families has become a much more prominent problem in communities and many struggle from it as they are people who are lacking in funds causing them to be without a home. Today, homelessness among families is becoming more common and is unfortunately spreading all over the world. Most home owning people are unaware of the actuality of the conditions that the homeless people reside in and many cannot comprehend Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-90379426982753470422020-05-05T18:09:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:09:18.188-07:00ACME Corporation Case Essay Sample free essay sample 1. What are the possible ethical issues faced by acme corporation? The biggest ethical issue is that ACME is taking attention of one of their biggest client demands to travel to the grownup amusement nine. If media finds out about Acme Corp is paying for clients to travel to topographic points like this. they are traveling to believe that Acme Corp is corrupting their clients to remain with them. 2. What should Acme make if there is a desire to do moralss a portion of its core organisational values? Acme should non take attention of clients who need to travel to adult amusement nine. Acme Corp is confronting possible issue that could ache company really severely. If this gets out in media it could be really wounded full for Acme corp. I think Acme Corp should merely allow this one slide and remain a side to maintain Companyââ¬â¢s repute. 3. Identify the ethical issues of which blunt demands to be cognizant. We will write a custom essay sample on ACME Corporation Case Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If Frank takes attention of his client he needs to understand what effects can fall on him. If blunt decides to non take attention of the client with big amusement nine he needs to understand that client might non be happy about it. 4. Discourse the advantages and disadvantages of each determination that Frank could do. Alternate 1: Frank decides non to take attention of client with big amusement nine. Advantages: consumers will be happyDisadvantages: There is a hazard of losing one of their biggest clients. Alternate two: Frank decides to take attention of the client with big amusement nine. Advantages: In this instance Frank is non put on the lining acquiring in problem with jurisprudence or media and maintaining their repute. Disadvantages: if it gets out Acme Corp could be in problem for corrupting their clients. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-24699709644543406262020-04-11T14:39:00.001-07:002020-04-11T14:39:03.214-07:00Ethics in Information Technology free essay sample Ethics in Information Technology The major issues concerning ethics with Information technology are: Privacy and Confidentiality, Freedom of Speech, Security, and Computer. When it comes to communicating on the web ones conversation are subject to another person listening or seeing the transmitted message. ââ¬Å"Browsers track activities in history files, while Cookies dumped by web sites into information about a person and the things they look at. With the information collected by cookies from online e-commerce sites trace the purchasing patterns of the consumer. (Introna) The information gathered can give specifics on the identities of individual consumers and this information can be sold whereas leading to a breach of privacy and confidentially. If one can respect others PRIVACY on Internet or just in general the activity on the Internet can limit the chances for identity theft or other criminal activities. When it comes to freedom of speech does a person have the right to say what they want to say? People have to consider the standards of Netiquette. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Information Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One may ask what Netiquette? ââ¬Å"The rules for online behavior especially in newsgroups, discussions, and chat rooms, the Etiquette of Cyberspace. (Shea) When it comes to utilizing the internet one must follow certain rules, remember that the law on the internet should mirror real life laws. In cyberspace, the chances of getting caught seem slim. Therefore, most people seem to forget that a person is on the other side of the computer. People tend to believe that the standard of ethics is lower in cyberspace than real life. ââ¬Å"Netiquette is all about manners and one is required to do their best to act within the laws of society and cyberspace. â⬠(Shea) Cyber-crime, is a serious matter, where crime can be committed immediately and the results can broaden with unbelievable swiftness. Numerous crimes are being committed over the Internet due to the increase in hackers. People are hacking into bank accounts, then steal money, or manipulate systems by inserting worms or destroying databases. Some additional ââ¬Å"examples of crimes such as hate crimes, pornography, consumer fraud, stalking, terrorism, theft of security or trade secrets, software piracy, economic espionage, and financial institution fraud. â⬠(USDOJ) In addition, businesses have become vulnerable with millions of dollars in losses due to security breaches and worms or viruses infecting their networks. The very thought of the things that we have access to due to the internet and the progressing information technology age leads one to cringe with fear. The ethics within information technology are only as good as the ethics and morality of the people utilizing the internet and the information. Works Citied Computer Crime Intellectual Property Section. United States Department of Justice. July 28, 2009 . Introna, Lucas . Phenomenological Approaches to Ethics and Information Technology. July 21, 2009 . Shea, Virginia. Netiquette. July 21, 2009 . Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-35985479081942664292020-03-10T08:23:00.001-07:002020-03-10T08:23:03.368-07:00Avian Influenza Essay ExampleAvian Influenza Essay Example Avian Influenza Paper Avian Influenza Paper Essay Topic: The Wild Duck Avian Influenza Introduction Bird flu in most cases begins with discomfort of lower respiratory ways and in unusual casesfrom upper respiratory air-ways. Elevated viral titer is isolated from pharynx but not from nose. Initial symptoms of the H5N1 influenza are: high grade fever, mild cold, cough and shortness of breath. Practically all patients develop viral pneumonia complicating to secondary bacterial infection, mild to severe respiratory distress, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Conjunctivitis is entity. Sometimes gastrointestinal disorder develops earlier than respiratory symptoms. Avian influenza viruses are shed in respiratory secretions and feces of birds. Infected ducks, for example, shed virus for at least 30 days. Influenza virus from the feces of waterfowl can be recovered from surface water. Avian species develop infection that ranges from asymptomatic to lethal. Avian influenza has caused major outbreaks in poultry farms. à Influenza virus can undergo genetic mutations in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase (antigens on the surface of the virus) that can lead to epidemics. Much less commonly, a completely new hemagglutinin or neuraminidase emerges- with the new genetic material coming from animals. This genetic shift typically leads to pandemics. Early chronology: 1929 Last evidence (serologic) of circulation in humans of a swine-like influenza virus 1930 Isolation of an influenza virus from swine 1933 First isolation of an influenza virus from humans Until 1995, only three of the 15 influenza hemagglutinins that had been identified were known to cause infections in humans. Birds have all 15 identified hemagglutinins and nine neuraminidases. New influenza viruses often emerge from southern China, a region characterized by a large, densely settled human population and abundant pigs and ducks living in close proximity to humans. Until events in Hong Kong in 1997, scientists thought that avian influenza posed no direct threat to humans. In 1997, after causing influenza outbreaks on chicken farms, avian influenza (H5N1) spread to humans (Claas et al. 1998). Eighteen human cases were confirmed, six of them fatal. Infection was concentrated in children and young adults, unlike the pattern in most outbreaks where morbidity and death are most common in older adults. The virus recovered from humans was identical to that found in birds (Subbarao et al. 1998). Epidemiological studies suggested that there had been multiple independent introductions of the influenza virus into the human population from birds, but that very limited person-to-person spread occurred. At the time of the human cases, there were estimated to be 300ââ¬â600 live bird markets in Hong Kong, where mixing of different avian species (ducks, chickens, pheasants, pigeons, wild birds) was possible. When the Hong Kong live bird markets were studied , 10% or more of birds were found to be shedding H5N1, in multiple avian species (geese, chickens, ducks). The birds (more than one million) were killed, and no additional human cases of H5N1 have been documented. In 1999, human infection with H9N2, another avian influenza strain widespread in Asia, was also documented for the first time in humans, at a time of enhanced surveillance (Peiris et al. 1999). The events in Hong Kong have led to heightened global surveillance for influenza in humans and animals. There was reason to be concerned about the events in Hong Kong, a densely populated city with extensive links to the rest of the world. In 1993, there were an estimated 41.4 million passenger movements (boat, train, car, airplane) and from Hong Kong. The influenza viruses that afflict humans are divided into three types: A, B, and C. Influenza A is responsible for the epidemics and infects not only man but also pigs, horses, seals, and a large variety of birds. Indeed, influenza A has been isolated worldwide from both domestic and wild birds, primarily waterbirds including ducks, geese, terns, and gulls and domesticated birds such as turkeys, chickens, quail, pheasants, geese, and ducks. Studies of wild ducks in Canada from 1975 to 1994 indicated that up to 20 percent of the juveniles were infected, and fecal samples from their lakeshore habitats contained the virus. These birds usually shed the virus from five to seven days (with a maximum of thirty days) after becoming infected even though they show no sign of the disease. Obviously, this virus and its hosts have adapted mutually over many centuries and created a reservoir that ensures perpetuation of the virus. Duck virus has been implicated in outbreaks of influenza in animal s such as seals, whales, pigs, horses, and turkeys. Extensive analysis of the viruss genetic structure, or nucleic acid sequences, supports the hypotheses that mammalian influenza viruses, including those infecting man, may well originate in aquatic birds. (Suarez DL, Spackman E, Senne DA, 2003) Subtypes of influenza A, the various strains of these avian viruses can be classified as either highly pathogenic or as of low pathogenicity, based on their genetic features and the severity of illness they cause in birds. There are currently 27 potential forms of the three subtypes of avian influenza viruses differentiated by variations in the neuraminidase surface antigen. Thus, H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses, so named for their hemagglutinin surface antigen, can each be matched with nine possible neuraminidase surface antigens, N1, N2, N3, etc. Thus, there could be H5N1 through H5N9, H7N1 through H7N9, and H9N1 through H9N9 strains. H9 viruses appear to be of low pathogenicity, while H5 and H7 viruses can be highly pathogenic for birds. However, low pathogenic forms of these viruses seem to be the cause of most outbreaks among poultry causing only mild or imperceptible illness and low mortality rates. Nonetheless, both H5 and H7 can develop high levels of pathogenicity in which case mortality rates in poultry flocks can reach 100%. The natural history of avian influenza viruses is characterized by spread through infected nasal, respiratory and fecal material, and a reservoir state in healthy birds. (Pascal James Imperato, 2005) www.springerlink.com/index/H6427776HH34G857.pdf Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in humans has not been clearly explained. Apoptosis might also play a vital part. Apoptosis has been observed in alveolar epithelial cells, which is the major target cell type for the viral replication. Many apoptotic leukocytes were observed in the lungs of patients who died on day 6 of illness. Apoptosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans by destroying alveolar epithelial cells. This pathogenesis causes pneumonia and destroys leukocytes, leading to leucopenia, which is an outstanding clinical feature of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans. Whether observed apoptotic cells were a directly related to viral replication or outcome of an over activation of the immune system needs further studies. (Uiprasertkul M, 2007) www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/5/708.htm Infected birds were the major source of the H5N1 influenza virus among humans in Asia. Mainly humans became infected by eating infected birds, by poor hygiene procedures when cooking infected birds, or by close contact with infected poultry. (Reina J, 2002). Certain birds, particularly water birds, act as hosts for influenza viruses by carrying the virus in their intestines and shedding it. Infected birds shed virus in saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds can become infected with avian influenza virus when they have contact with contaminated nasal, respiratory, or fecal material from infected birds. Fecal-to-oral transmission is the most common mode of spread among birds. Most often, the wild birds that are the hosts for the virus do not get sick, but they can spread influenza to other birds. (CDC, 2006) www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm At present spread of the H5N1 influenza from human to human by air born route has not been registered, but enduring monitoring for identification mutation and adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus to human is needed. Most studies performed in avian viral strains elucidates that virulence is a polygenic phenomenon. However, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and the genes codifying these substances (genes 4 and 6) play a vital role in viral pathogenesis. (Gu J, Xie Z, Gao Z, Liu J, Korteweg C, Ye J, Lau LT, Lu J, Gao Z, Zhang B, McNutt MA, Lu M, Anderson VM, Gong E, Yu AC, Lipkin WI, 2007). Avian strains can be classified as virulent or avirulent according to the capability of hemagglutinin to be triggered by endoproteases of the respiratory tract merely or by proteases from other tissues. This ability is based on the ever going mutations that lead to the substitution of the normal amino acids at the point of hemagglutinin hydrolysis by the other basic amino acids that determine the amplifi cation of the spectrum of hydrolysis and activation. Neuraminidase contributes in the acquisition of virulence through its ability to attach to plasminogen and by escalating the concentration of activating proteases. Adaptation to the host, by recognition of the cell receptor, is an additional factor determining the virulence and interspecies spread of avian strains. (Reina J, 2002) Transmission to mammals Influenza A viruses from aquatic birds grow poorly in human cells, and vice versa. However, both avian and human influenza viruses can replicate in pigs. We have known that pigs are susceptible to influenza viruses that infect man ever since the veterinarian J. S. Koen first observed pigs with influenza symptoms closely resembling those of humans. Retrospective tests of human blood indicate that the swine virus isolated by Shope in 1928 was similar to the human virus and likely responsible for the human epidemic. Swine influenza still persists year-round and is the cause of most respiratory diseases in pigs. Interestingly, in 1976, swine influenza virus isolated from military recruits at Fort Dix was indistinguishable from virus isolates obtained from a man and a pig on a farm in Wisconsin. The examiners concluded that animals, especially aquatic birds and pigs, can be reservoirs of influenza virus. When such viruses or their components mix with human influenza virus, dramatic geneti c shifts can follow, creating the potential of a new epidemic for humans. The influenza virus continually evolves by antigenic shift and drift. Early studies in this area by Robert Webster and Graeme Laver established the importance of monitoring influenza strains in order to predict future epidemics. Antigenic shifts are major changes in the structure of the influenza virus that determines its effect on immune responses. Of the viral proteins, the hemagglutinin (H), a major glycoprotein of the virus, plays a central role in infection, because breakdown of hemagglutinin into two smaller units is required for virus infectivity. (Suarez DL, Spackman E, Senne DA, 2003). Shifts in the composition of the hemagglutinin (H) or neuraminidase (N), another glycoprotein, of influenza virus were observed in the 1933, 1957, 1968, and 1977 epidemics: 1933: H1N1 1957: H2N2 (Asian flu) 1968: H3N2 (Hong Kong flu) 1977: reappearance of H1N1, called the Russian flu The reappearance in 1977 of the Russian flu, a virus first isolated in 1933, raises the uneasy possibility that a return of the 1918-19 influenza epidemics with its devastation of human life is possible and perhaps likely. In March of 1997, part of influenza virus nucleic acid was isolated from a formalin-fixed lung tissue sample of a twenty-one-year-old Army private that died during the 1918-19 Spanish influenza pandemic. Since the first influenza viruses were not isolated until the 1930s, characterization of the 1918-19 strain relied on molecular definition of the viruss RNA. Chemical evidence indicated a novel H1N1 sequence of a viral strain that differed from all other subsequently characterized influenza strains and that the 1918 HA human sequence correlated best with swine influenza strains. Once the entire sequence is on hand, a virulent marker for the influenza virus associated with killing over 675,000 Americans from 1918 to 1919 may be uncovered and a vaccine planned that might abort the return of this virus form of influenza. à When such antigenic shifts occur, the appearance of disease is predictable. Therefore, surveillance centers have been established all over the world where isolates of influenza are obtained and studied for alterations, primarily in the hemagglutinin. According to the evidence from these centers, isolates identified in late spring are excellent indicators of potential epidemics in the following winter. Both avian and human influenza viruses can replicate in pigs, and genetic reassortants or combinations between them can be demonstrated experimentally. A likely scenario for such an antigenic shift in nature occurs when the prevailing human strain of influenza A virus and an avian influenza virus concurrently infect a pig, which serves as a mixing vessel. Reassortants containing genes derived mainly from the human virus but with a hemagglutinin and polymerase gene from the avian source are able to infect humans and initiate a new pandemic. In rural Southeast Asia, the most densely populated area of the world; hundreds of millions of people live and work in close contact with domesticated pigs and ducks. This is the likely reason for influenza pandemics in China. Epidemics other than the 1918-19 catastrophes have generally killed 50,000 or fewer individuals, although within a year over one million people had been infected with these new strains. Conclusion Three major hypotheses have been put forth to explain antigenic shifts. First, as described above, a new virus can come from a reassortant in which an avian influenza virus gene substitutes for one of the human influenza virus genes. The genome of human influenza group A contains eight RNA segments, and current wisdom is that the circulating influenza hemagglutinin in humans has been replaced with an avian hemagglutinin. A second explanation for antigenic shifts that yield new epidemic viruses is that strains from other mammals or birds become infectious for humans. Some believe that this is the cause of the Spanish influenza virus epidemic in 1918-19, with the transmission of swine influenza virus to humans. A third possibility is that newly emerging viruses have actually remained hidden and unchanged somewhere but suddenly come forth to cause an epidemic, as the Russian H1N1 virus once did. H1N1 first was isolated in 1933, then disappeared when replaced by the Asian H2N2 in 1957. H owever, twenty years later the virus reappeared in a strain isolated in northern China and subsequently spread to the rest of the world. This virus was identical in all its genes to one that caused human influenza epidemics in the 1950s. (Gu J, Xie Z, Gao Z, Liu J, Korteweg C, Ye J, Lau LT, Lu J, Gao Z, Zhang B, McNutt MA, Lu M, Anderson VM, Gong E, Yu AC, Lipkin WI, 2007) Where the virus was for twenty years is not known. Could it have been inactivated in a frozen state, preserved in an animal reservoir, or obscured in some other way? If this is so, will the Spanish influenza virus also return, and what will be the consequences for the human population? In addition to antigenic shift, which signifies major changes in existing viruses, antigenic drift permits slight alterations in viral structure. These follow pinpoint changes (mutations) in amino acids in various antigen domains that relate to immune pressure, leading to selection. For example, the hemagglutinin molecule gradually changes while undergoing antigenic drift. Such mutations allow the virus to escape from attack by antibodies generated during a previous bout of infection. Because these antibodies would ordinarily protect the host by removing the virus, this escape permits the related infection to remain in the population. With these difficulties of antigenic shift and, drift and animal reservoirs, it is not surprising that making an influenza vaccine as effective as those for smallpox, pohovirus, yellow fever, or measles is difficult to achieve. Another complication is that immunity to influenza virus is incomplete; that is, even in the presence of an immune response, influenza can still occur. Nevertheless, the challenge of developing vaccines based on surveillance studies has been met. A chemically treated, formalin-inactivated virus has been formulated in a vaccine that is 30 to 70 percent effective in increasing resistance to influenza virus. The vaccine decreases the frequency of influenza attacks or, at least, the severity of disease in most recipients, although protection is not absolute. In addition, the secondary bacterial infections that may accompany influenza are today treatable with potent antibacterial drugs previously unavailable. Nonetheless, of the plagues that visit humans, influenza is among those that require constant surveillance, because we can be certain that some form of influenza will continue to return. References: CDC. Spread of Avian Influenza Viruses among Birds; Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 68, 2006.www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/spread.htm Claas, E. C. J., A. D. M. E. Osterhaus, R. van Beek, J. C. De Jong, G. F. Rimmelzwaan, D. A. Senne, S. Krauss, K. F. Shortridge, and R. G. Webster. 1998. Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Lancet 351:472ââ¬â477. Gu J, Xie Z, Gao Z, Liu J, Korteweg C, Ye J, Lau LT, Lu J, Gao Z, Zhang B, McNutt MA, Lu M, Anderson VM, Gong E, Yu AC, Lipkin WI. H5N1 infection of the respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study; Lancet Sep 29; 370(9593):1106-8, 2007 Pascal James Imperato. The Growing Challenge of Avian Influenza; Journal of Community Health, Vol. 30, 2005. www.springerlink.com/index/H6427776HH34G857.pdf Peiris, M., K. Y. Yuen, C. W. Leung, K. H. Chan, P. L. S. Ip, R. W. M. Lai, W. K. Orr, and K. F. Shortridge. 1999. Human infection with influenza H9N2. Lancet 354:916ââ¬â917. Reina J. Factors affecting the virulence and pathogenicity of avian and human viral strains (influenza virus type A)] Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin; 20(7):346-53 (ISSN: 0213-005X) Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Espaà ±a, 2002 direct.bl.uk/research/48/44/RN119578176.html Suarez DL, Spackman E, Senne DA. Update on molecular epidemiology of H1, H5, and H7 influenza virus infections in poultry in North America; Avian Dis. 2003; 47(3 Suppl): 888-97 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez Subbarao, K., A. Klimov, J. Katz, H. Renery, W. Lim, H. Hall, M. Perdue, D. Swayne, C. Bender, J. Huang, M. Hemphill, T. Rowe, M. Shaw, X. Xu, K. Fukuda, and N. Cox. 1998. Characterization of an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness. Science 279:393ââ¬â396. Uiprasertkul M. Apoptosis and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Humans Emerg Infect Dis; 13(5):708-12 (ISSN: 1080-6040) Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.2007 www.cdc.gov/EID/content/13/5/708.htm Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-55170559038883881902020-02-22T22:47:00.001-08:002020-02-22T22:47:04.028-08:00Saudi Arabia water problem Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsSaudi Arabia water problem - Term Paper Example According to Bragg and Bragg (2005), the oceans contain about 97% of the entire water on the earthsââ¬â¢ surface; in Saudi Arabia, water has been supplied in three forms, mainly surface water, which accounts for about 10%, the underground aquifers that provide the majority percentage of more than 80%, and the various desalination plants, which provide about 5% of water. The availability of essential water supply continued to deplete and the water resources become limited, prompting the adoption of desalination plants. Natural resources define all the resources that occur freely within the environment that exist in a natural form, such as natural forests, minerals, water, and natural gases. 1. Background Desalination refers to the several processes of conversion of salt water to fresh water through the removal of salt and other minerals. Several approaches are used to treat seawater including thermal evaporation of seawater and use of modern desalination plants, osmosis in reverse. Nanomembranes are filters made from organic polymers with less thickness that are used to separate the liquids and gases at the molecular levels. Such technology is also used in desalination of seawater, purification of polluted water, and the removal of carbon dioxide and other pollutants from exhaust gases. The modern technology adopted in Saudi Arabia has enabled the exploitation of underground water by companies such as Saudi Aramco, an oil company, and hence increasing availability of water in the country. 2. Desalination process In Saudi Arabia, there has been water scarcity because of the rising population, which led to the adoption of desalination technology through the development of modern polymer materials producing semi-permeable membranes, which allow selective passage of water and other ions. The technology is categorized according to content extracted (water or salt from the main stream), separation process, and the energy used in the entire process (Anon, 1997). Eva porative processes have been used for extraction of fresh water from the mainstream. Such evaporative desalination processes consist of various methods. Multi stage flash (MSF) method involves the evaporation of seawater in chambers with low pressure as compared to the vapor pressure. The low-grade steam from the turbines heats the tubes within the distiller, which heat the seawater intake. The heated seawater then passes into low-pressure vessels, and boils into steam. The steam is condensed on heat exchanger tubes, which are cooled by the incoming water, feed to the heater. The conversion of seawater to steam depends on the pressure maintained within the vessel. In multiple effect distillation (MED), condensing steam heats tube bundles, resulting into evaporation. The vapor produced is used as steam in the next chamber operating at low pressure and temperature (Micale, Cipollina and Rizzuti, 2009). B. Nano membrane technology Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-16521330944685669082020-02-06T15:34:00.001-08:002020-02-06T15:34:02.727-08:00Plot and Character Analysis of The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin EssayPlot and Character Analysis of The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin - Essay Example special attention given to just how the story is to be told, authors can open the story to a variety of interpretations illustrating the complexities of life during a particular period in history. A close examination of Kate Chopinââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"The Story of an Hourâ⬠illustrates how the written word can be a powerful representation of the weight of social constraints on women during this period in time. In this very short story, Chopin shows how her main character, Louise Mallard, was effectively dehumanized by the expectations of role fulfillment imposed upon her by her husband and her society. The story begins by illustrating the perceived condition of Louiseââ¬â¢s health as she reportedly has a weak heart. ââ¬Å"It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences; veiled hints that revealed in half concealingâ⬠(Chopin). What her sister Josephine told her was that Louiseââ¬â¢s husband was killed in a recent railroad accident, information that had been confirmed by a close family friend. Louiseââ¬â¢s reaction to the news is remarked as somewhat surprising, but takes on greater significance later in the story. ââ¬Å"She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sisterââ¬â¢s armsâ⬠(Chopin). From this point, there isnââ¬â¢t a great deal of physical action to the story. Louise retires to her room alone and sits in a chair looking out the window. As she reflects upon the news she has just received, Louise begins to see the remainder of her life in ways that might have been highly unexpected at the time. Instead of feeling that he r life was over because her husband is dead, Louise begins to see her life as just beginning. She will finally have a chance to make some of her own decisions. Although her life has been turned upside down, Chopin demonstrates through Louiseââ¬â¢s thoughts that her world had already been upside down under the external conditions sheââ¬â¢d been forced to accept and only now, with the death of her husband, was it righting Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-49447978455616644212020-01-28T22:06:00.001-08:002020-01-28T22:06:03.829-08:00Lucent technology supply chain summary Essay Example for Free Lucent technology supply chain summary Essay Lucent Technologies is a multinational telecommunication company which was spun off from ATT in 1996. Before restructure, as an integrated telecommunications services and equipment company, ATT had been primarily U. S. -centric market and more than half of income was generated by services in U. S. However, the restructure made Lucent focused on communications equipment globally. When Lucent expand into global market, its flagship product, the5ESSà ® digital switch, was a market leader in worldwide telecommunication infrastructure equipment. While the 5ESSà ® digital switch provided the companyââ¬â¢s more competitive edge in global market. This custom configured, engineered-to-order product made only a portion of its assemblies could be built to stock. Moreover, 5ESSà ® digital switch orders from Asian market had continued to grow rapidly, and Asia became an important part of Lucentââ¬â¢s business. U. S. -centric Supply Model Before Lucentââ¬â¢s independence from ATT, it established some joint ventures in four Asian countries to meet the increasing telecommunication equipment demand in Asian market. But this marketing entry mode just provided access to these markets. Most manufacturing continued to be done in Oklahoma City. The Asian joint ventures only performed final assembly and testing. It was believed that Lucent would benefit from the cost saving from economies of scale in manufacturing in US. However, as tremendous demand growth and intense competition arose from these countries, the delivery costs and lead time became two critical issues in this industry. The long distance inhibited the instant response. Delay means market losing. Whatââ¬â¢s more, increasing local content by having locally purchased parts would lower the costs and made product more locally attractive. Asian-centric Supply Model After 1996, asset management, product lead time and supply chain efficiency became more and more important for this new independent manufacturing firm. The primary market shifted from U. S to Asian market required a redesign of the Asian supply chain. First of all, it took a ââ¬Å"hub-and spokeâ⬠model. Taiwan was the hub of the Asian supply chain. Custom engineering and manufacturing of Asian orders would be manufactured in Taiwan rather than Oklahoma City, and Asian orders were placed with Taiwan rather than U. S. Low volume assemblies remained in U. S. Secondly, different supply modes (inshore or outsource) were decided by different product volumes. And then it used local components (direct procurement) and local suppliers (local procurement). Last but not least, it insisted a strict quality control. Products manufactured by Asian joint ventures had the same quality standards. There were also some barriers for the redesign of supply chain. For example, the new manufacturing center in Asian mean losing job in U. S. The transfer of production to joint venture may reduce Lucentââ¬â¢s profits. And also the sales organization worried about the sales decreased because of losing ââ¬Å"Made in USAâ⬠label. All of these barriers were addressed when the benefits of redesigning outweighed the costs. The redesign decreased the lead time, and customer satisfactions had improved a lot. Meanwhile, Taiwan joint venture reengineered its factory to improve the productivity. The increasing productivity and decreasing costs means the firm became more profitable. Also, support of Asian joint ventures helped Lucent win more business in Asia, and the huge capacity of Asian joint ventures can support Lucentââ¬â¢ global customer demand. So the all improvement by redesigning the supply chain made Lucent more competitive in global market. Summary and Recommendations Despite its success in the later 1990s, new challenges have arisen. How to response the changing demand in this complex business environment and how to expand its capacity in other emerging markets? The internet and IT tools caused fundamental changes in business models and traditional customer-supplier relationships. Contract manufacturing company in Asian provides new opportunity for the firm to outsourcing its manufacturing and logistics responsibility. In my view, outsourcing its assembly and component is a better way for Lucent to cope with new challenge. Because 5ESSà ® digital switch was reaching its mature period in the product life cycle, and the intensive competition and changing environment forced telecommunication industry to devoted more time to new product research and marketing strategy. In its initial stage, the core product is the key to success and the supply chain redesign facilitate its further success. But nowadays, the product life cycle is shortening and the industry is changing at ever-increasing rate. Lucent has to improve researching, marketing strategy and supply chain management at the same rate to cope with the changing market. In addition, Lucent can use merging and acquisition strategy to integrate available resources to expand its business. Questions for group As Lucent shift its main supply chain from U. S to Asian market, how to compete with domestic rivalry Cisco? As more and more local telecommunication company grew up, how to cope with fierce industry competition with local firms, and some multinational telecommunication firms now target at Asian market, how to compete with them in global market? Should Lucent insist its in-source strategy or use outsourcing for the future supply chain management? Because its flagship products had reached its mature period, is it necessary for Lucent to build a main RD center in the emerging market like Cisco did? Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-74275938467666314702020-01-20T18:30:00.001-08:002020-01-20T18:30:02.990-08:00Sundowing And Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays SUNDOWNING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Sundowning, or sundown syndrome are terms that have been used for over 20 years to describe the reversal of day and night which often occurs in Alzheimer's and other dementing illnesses. (2) Those who are impacted are often called Sundowners and they act as if their biological clocks have reversed their day and night cycles. Some are able to function on little sleep throughout their 24-hour day cycle. Some individuals stay up all night and will then continually doze off during the day. This alteration in the sleep-wake cycle is not necessarily permanent and they may revert to earlier patterns of sleep, or may sleep for increasing periods of time. (1) Those suffering from acute or chronic confusion increasingly become highly agitated, confused, suspicious, active and restless, combative and disoriented late in the day, especially after dark. (2,3) They may see, hear and believe things that are not real. Patients become more impulsive and respond to their own ideas of reality, often in ways that can that get them in trouble. The confusion is often worse after a move or change in routine and can happen in any setting, whether they are living at home or in a facility. The behavior may be totally out of character for the person. And, the change is drastic. You may see them in the morning and the person seems mentally competent and alert. The same individual may not recognize you or other family members, seem lethargic, become easily agitated, confused, or disoriented late in the afternoon or evening. (1) There is currently no conclusive evidence about the reasons for these changes in the sleep-wake cycle. (2) However, in the online articles "Sundowning and Sleeping" and "The Sundown Syndrome" there are some theories identified about the cause. 1) The decreasing levels of light may be disorienting. The lower light provides fewer clues as to the person's surroundings and shadows may be frightening. 2) The person may feel they are supposed to "go home" around this time. 3) The person may be fatigu... ...dence regarding the reasons for these changes, some theories have been identified about the cause. This syndrome can be exhausting for the caregiver. Some measures have been identified that may lessen the effects. It is important to realize with sundown syndrome, as in any behavior related to Alzheimer's Disease, that the person does not have control over their behavior and that it is a result of the brain tryng to sort out a confusing environment. REFERENCES 1. Alzheimers.com. Sundown Syndrome and the Elderly. Alzheimers.com feature story. [On-Line] Avaialble: http://www.alzheimers.com/L3TABLES/L3T-428.HTM. 2. Crystal, H. (1998). Sundowning and Sleeping. Northern Virginia Chapter of Alzheimer's Association. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.alz-nova.org/sundown.htm. 3. Davis, M. (1997). Light in the Darkess. Perspectives Magazine. [On-line]. Available: http://www.siu.edu/worda/persp/sp97/alz.html. 4. Nitram, R. (1997). The Sundown Syndrome. The Arizona Daily Star Online. Availabnle: http://www.azstarnet.com/~rnitram/sundown.html Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-33486972724357142182020-01-12T14:54:00.001-08:002020-01-12T14:54:02.507-08:00Gossip GirlsHow many times a day do you gossip . . . .Either as a sender or receiver? Although you may think gossip is harmless, it can have some pretty serious consequences. It did for four former employees of the town of Hooksett, Mew Hampshire, who were fired by the city council for gossiping about their boss. They learned the hard way that the gossip can cost you your job. The longtime employees were fired because one of the woman had used derogatory terms to describe the town administrator and because all of them had discussed a rumor that he was having an affair with a female subordinate.All four of the woman acknowledged feeling resentment toward the woman. Who worked in a specially created position and was paid more than two of the employees, despite having less experience and seniority. Despite an appeal of their dismissal by the four employees, the Hooksett council didnââ¬â¢t budge and stated. ââ¬Å"These employees do not represent the best of the town of Hooksett and the false rum ors, gossip and derogatory statement have contributed to a negative working environment and malcontent among their fellow employees.â⬠Despite national media attention and a petition signed by 419 residents, asking for the woman to be reinstated, the city council hasnââ¬â¢t wavered on its decision. An attorney for the four women said that his clients were, ââ¬Å"legitimately questioning the conduct of their supervisor, and whether the female subordinate was getting preferential treatment. It almost cheapens it to call it gossip. It might have been idle, not particularly thoughtful, talk. But there was no harm intended. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-90622270020440878712020-01-04T11:17:00.001-08:002020-01-04T11:17:04.118-08:00VANCL Analysis - 2159 Words VANCL: Problem Within the period of 2007 to 2009, two major retail companies emerged in China: PPG Apparel (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and VANCL Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Though both had similar business models, VANCL was able to excel and profit in places where PPG Apparel suffered tremendously. These included creating a successful supply chain with effective quality control, adopting a variety of improvement measures to ensure a positive customer experience, and shifting most of VANCLââ¬â¢s advertising dollars towards internet marketing. Though successful when first established, PPG eventually collapsed in late 2009 due to their inefficiencies in such areas. Owner of VANCL, Chen Nian stated that VANCL has passed its most risky periodâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Market Analysis: VANCL is a leading Chinese internet-based apparel retailer that has successfully established dominance in the e-tailing world. Their approach to elevating the customer experience includes improvement measures such as online commenting threads and try-on activities. VANCLââ¬â¢s services have helped them diminish any skepticisms the Chinese market had in regards to shopping online. Known for its ââ¬Å"fast fashionâ⬠, they have expanded their market range to include most kinds of menââ¬â¢s and womenââ¬â¢s apparel, specifically casual-wear such as canvas shoes and graphic tees. In China alone they have captured over 25% of market share in the apparel market and are the 6th largest B2C company in China in terms of revenue. VANCLââ¬â¢s channels of distribution are exclusively their online website as well as their small call-center. Because they are only an online retailer, VANCL uses their own logistics company, Rufengda, and other third party companies to ensure speedy delivery of their products. Their apparel is made from top fabric manufacturers such as Luthai Textile and go through countless quality checks to ensure the best apparel for their customers. In China alone th e market for apparel including clothing, shoes, hats, and textiles has grown by a staggering 18.8% in 2009 according to the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-1451842364205604672019-12-27T07:43:00.001-08:002019-12-27T07:43:03.445-08:00Benefits And Benefits Of College - 848 Words ââ¬Å"Economic analysis starts from the premise that people will take an action if the extra benefits exceed the extra costsâ⬠(Johnston). It is obvious that college is beneficial in todayââ¬â¢s society. The good of going to college outweighs the bad of not attending at all or not having the means to attend, if there was not a bad then everyone would have the ability to promote themselves. The benefits of having an Associateââ¬â¢s Degree or Bachelorââ¬â¢s Degree definitely outweighs the cost of college. The college earning is drastically declining because college tuition is increasing, therefore, the capability of students and adults attending college will continue to decrease. Providing the benefits of college at no cost for two years should not be denied to anyone, due to their inability to pay, and it allows everyone to advance further in life. Affording college today is not really an easy task all we hear about is student loans, grants, and scholarships, therefore, college should be free for the first two years. There are several people out in this country that would accept an opportunity to advance forward in school they just do not have the money. People set for lower income paid jobs because school is not for them, or they do not have the finances to attend college. Even if college became free a lot of people would not take advantage of furthering themselves, but those that would love to rise forward would be able to pursue in a career. Several people out in this country, drop collegeShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of College Education1462 Words à |à 6 Pagesfuture to support their family and have a brighter future. Some students question whether attending college is worth their time, but research suggests that students who study at postsecondary institutions will benefit in the long run. If students want to have a successf ul future, to be able to support their family, and have a higher income, they will need some sort of higher level education. Going to college can help with unemployment rates and increase the chances of attaining a stable career. PeopleRead MoreBenefits Of Going For College Essay934 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Benefits of Going to College Mostly everyone knows that going to college and receiving a degree can make the difference between having a job and having a career. There are several other benefits of going to college, like learning how to live on your own and learning new social skills, as well as other daily skills you couldnââ¬â¢t learn in a class room. Studying and writing papers when Iââ¬â¢d rather be having fun or even sleeping may seem painful, but earning a college degree leads to personalRead MoreBenefits Of College Education940 Words à |à 4 Pagesadults and graduates. In todayââ¬â¢s modern society, this means that people with college degrees will land jobs that others donââ¬â¢t. Many citizens believe a college education is unnecessary to make a sufficient living. This might be true on some occasions, but a college education has a clear impact on your future. College might not be for everyone, but those who complete their education reap the benefits. A four-year college degree results in higher wages, lower chances of unemployment, improved credibilityRead MoreBenefits Of A College Education904 Words à |à 4 Pagesknowledge to the general public. After dropping out of college, these men crawled their way to the top, and became some of the most wealthy, and well known public figures of todayââ¬â¢s era. While neither of these billionaires needed a college degree in order to achieve success, they are not representative of the norm. The act of going to college is an important first step in leading a successful life, because it helps stimulate individual growth, allows college graduates the ability to find a well paying jobRead MoreCollege Benefits and Obstacles794 Words à |à 4 PagesCollege success has become a most desirable goal. However, many students struggle through college. In fact, according to the Website Ask.com, approximately 15 percent of college students receive a degree. Because Iââ¬â¢m willing to earn a degree like many other successful stud ents, I find that college is the stepping stone to my dream goals. I know that college is difficult, but I realize that attaining my dream of a college education will require me to understand the benefits of what Iââ¬â¢m learning, toRead MoreThe Benefits Of College Internship709 Words à |à 3 Pagesfield of interest. Internships usually have participants that are students in college or graduate school. While there is a multitude of beneficial reasons to participate in an internship, they have proven to have some disadvantages. Students have conflicting views about whether or not a college internship should be a requirement for graduation. Regardless, students should take the opportunity of discovering all the benefits associated with internships. Internships, at least the ones we are familiarRead MoreThe Benefits Of College Internship979 Words à |à 4 Pagesgain experience. Internships usually have participants that are students in college or graduate school. While there are a multitude of beneficial reasons to participate in an internship, they have proven to have some disadvantages. Students have conflicting views about whether or not a college internship should be a requirement for graduation. Regardless, students should take the opportunity of discovering all the benefits associated with internships. Internships, at least the ones we are familiarRead MoreBenefits Of A College Education900 Words à |à 4 PagesThere are countless of benefits when going to college, as there is a greater significance to a college education than money. You will gain the knowledge that will get you further in life than others. Expanding the way you learn, think, and express yourself is necessary if you want to be successful in whatever you decide to do. Without a college education, you will not have many choices when looking for a job. An associate, bachelors, masters, and so on, will help you with a career of your choiceRead MoreBenefits of a College Education810 Words à |à 3 PagesAre you aware that a college education can get you stability and a higher paying job? Many people are unaware of the advantages a secondary education can make on their lives. Furthering your college education is guaranteed to put you at a higher tax bracket. According to the Census Bureau (2010), ââ¬Å"43.5 million p eople have some form of postsecondary education but no degree, an estimated one fifth of Americans age 25 and olderâ⬠. The importance of a college education in the United States has provedRead MoreBenefits Of A College Degree911 Words à |à 4 Pagesnearly all say similar things, and that is that going to college will probably give you more opportunities to make money. You don t even need a fancy degree, or study to see it. A normal person with a bachelor s degree earns about $48,000 per year, compared with $27,000 for a high school graduate. Grads also have lower unemployment, from cases of lack of education, as of November 3. The labor field has always paid a number more, for college graduates, and that rate has grown sharply over the past Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-62433126526250846082019-12-19T03:32:00.001-08:002019-12-19T03:32:03.505-08:00Essay on Analyzing Antigone and Creon - 1313 Words Sophocles play titled Antigone, embellishes the opposing conflicts between Antigone who stands for the values of family, and Creon who stands for the values of state. Sophocles explores the depths of Antigoneââ¬â¢s morality and the duty based on consequence throughout the play, as well as the practical consequences of Creon who is passionate and close-minded. Although Antigoneââ¬â¢s moral decisions appear to be more logical and favorable than Creonââ¬â¢s, a personal argument would be that both charactersââ¬â¢ decisions in society can be equally justified. In the play, Sophocles examines the nature of Antigone and Creon who have two different views about life, and use those views against one another. Antigone who is depicted as the hero represents theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Because of Antigoneââ¬â¢s bold action, it is certain that the gods will reward Antigone in the afterlife for the noble judgment and loyalty. Similar to Antigone, Creon, King of Thebes, also has a self-reliance perception about how life should be and is determined to uphold it. Unlike Antigone however, Creon believes that humanity has the power to control or dictate how society should act and behave. All problems caused by humanity in the state should be solved by using mortal laws rather than the divine laws of the gods. After Antigone was arrested and thrown into prison for breaking the law of burying Polynices, Creon ordered an execution of Antigone. The notion conveys that Creon has essentially lost touch with the values of family and cannot trust Antigone because of the disobedience act. As stated by Creon, ââ¬Å"you cannot know a man completely, his character, his principles, sense of judgment, not till heââ¬â¢s shown his colours, ruling people, making laws. Experience, thereââ¬â¢s the testâ⬠(Sophocles, 1470). From this, Creonââ¬â¢s obligation for the laws supports the idea that the king being out of touch from kinship and that the individua l is narrow-minded and does not want to listen to any but oneââ¬â¢s self, which is unwise and insignificant for a leader with such great power. In an argument against Creon, Haemon challenges the morality of power saying that the order to execute Antigone is beyond governmental jurisdiction and that the people ofShow MoreRelatedSophocles Antigone : The Third Of The Three Theban Tragic Plays1106 Words à |à 5 PagesSophoclesââ¬â¢s play, Antigone is the third of the three Theban tragic plays and was written around 440 B.C. and is still well known today. Sophocles s play Antigone tells a tragic story about family honor and a sisterââ¬â¢s love for her brothers. After Antigoneââ¬â¢s two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles died in battle, Creon became the new leader of Thebes. Creon orders that Eteocles have a proper burial while Polynicesââ¬â¢s body remain unburied, simply left to rot. Antigone refuses to let her brotherââ¬â¢s bodyRead MoreAntigone Feminist Analysis1622 Words à |à 7 PagesAntigone, a Greek tragedy pertaining to the events following the deaths of Eteocles and Polynices, Oedipusââ¬â¢ sons, due to a conflict over power. Upon the death of both children their uncle Creon takes the throne of Thebes for himself and declares Polynices a traitor to the state and withheld his burial rights from him. Antigone choose to disobey Creonââ¬â¢s decree and bury her bother. Sophoclesââ¬â¢ play has been a long treasure piece of literature throughout the ages; sparking many papers and debates fromRead MoreGender Roles In Antigone1547 Words à |à 7 PagesIn Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Antigone, gender roles are a major conflicting theme throughout the entire play. The setting of the play was written during the Greek mythological days, around 442 B.C. During these days, men were dominant and held all of the power, so women were automatically treated as less. Antigone and Creon portray the conflicting sides between male and female, and Ismene and Hae mon portray opposing sides to Antigone and Creonââ¬â¢s actions. Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon each show differencesRead MoreRight Against Right in Antigone by Sophocles Essay example1091 Words à |à 5 PagesThe German philosopher Hegel stated that the play Antigone written by Sophocles represents the tragic collision of right against right, with both sides equally justified. The play begins with tragedy and ends the same way. Polyneices and Eteocles were brothers whom killed each other in combat over the power of the throne. Creon, the brothersââ¬â¢ uncle, was the following family member to occupy the throne. But he did not desire the same pattern to repeat itself. Therefore he created a decree which punishedRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words à |à 6 Pagesjudgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitys prejudicedRead More Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus Cycle ââ¬â Antigone, as a Feminist Essay1380 Words à |à 6 PagesSophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus Cycle ââ¬â Antigone, as a Feminist Throughout history, women have always stood in the shadows of men. In many cultures, the role of women has always been to be seen and not heard. As one of the first feminists in world literature, the character Antigone, of Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus Cycle, displays fine characteristics of a great female leader in order to stand up against male dominance for her religious, political, and personal beliefs. When the king denies her brother, Polynices,Read MoreThe Theme of Hubris in Ancient Greek Mythology and Literature681 Words à |à 3 Pagespunishment, and it was the downfall of many characters in ancient myths. The importance of Hubris to the Greeks is made obvious by how often it appears as a main theme in their myths. Three stories that show examples of hubris are Oedipus The King, Antigone, and The Story of Phaethon in Ovidââ¬â¢s Metamorphoses. The theme of hubris can be seen throughout Oedipus The King, and is the reason for the downfall of more than one character. Oedipusââ¬â¢ parents, are the first to commit hubris; instead of lettingRead MoreComparing Oedipus The King And Antigone1311 Words à |à 6 PagesWhen analyzing both Oedipus the King and Antigone, Oedipus and Antigone are very alike in ways. When reading these plays, the mind is wired to compare how the protagonists are alike, and contrast how they are different. Antigone and Oedipus are idolized by the people, but the legacy of Oedipus seems to have been altered due to the fact that he has experienced bad past family relationships; therefore as Gale explains, ââ¬Å"Antigone hangs herself. Creonââ¬â¢s son Haemon, who was in love with Antigone, commitsRead MoreSophocles The King And Antigone Essay1566 Words à |à 7 Pages Sophocles wrote about kings. Mythological, or at least long dead, the regal protagonists of fraction of Sophoclesââ¬â¢ survivin g work embody the political realities of the ancientsââ¬â¢ time. By examining and analyzing the origins and nature of kingship in Sophocles, one can glean a sliver of insight into a civilization that has all but disappeared. Sophoclesââ¬â¢s kings were great human leaders, reaching their position through impressive deeds or standing in the community. Although they wielded great powerRead MorePassion And Passion In Antigone1401 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the play Antigone, it becomes clear that Antigone is a passionate woman who is willing to go to extreme lengths for her beliefs. The passage that most stood out to me was ââ¬Å"It is noble for me to die doing this. I will lie there with him, loved by the one I love, guilty of the crime of holy reverenceâ⬠(Lines 63-65). At this point, Antigone is proclaiming her undying love for her brother Polyneices, and her willingness to give him a proper burial at the expense of her life. This passage stood out Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-9456505696632263832019-12-11T00:15:00.001-08:002019-12-11T00:15:03.218-08:00Book Review of ââ¬ÅNightââ¬Â by Elie Wiesel Sample Essay Example For Students Book Review of ââ¬Å"Nightâ⬠by Elie Wiesel Sample Essay The Holocaust is a persistent clip in the history of the universe. The book ââ¬Å"Nightâ⬠by Elie Wiesel captures Wieselââ¬â¢s stalking experience during the Holocaust. A book like this is one that is non read for enjoyment. but instead for information. If one wants to be able to at least conceive of what the people in the concentration cantonments went through. so this is the book to read. Night does non sugar-coat what happened in those cantonments. Wiesel tells the universe what it was truly similar to populate behind those barbed-wire fencings. Elie Wiesel wrote ââ¬Å"Nightâ⬠to inform the populace of what truly happened during the Holocaust. The elaborate histories that Wiesel are given to inform the universe of the anguish that many people incurred during this awful ordeal. On page 46 he speaks of how sort the leader was to the kids. ââ¬Å"Like the leader of the cantonment he loved kids. â⬠He made certain that kids were fed upon reaching. but one sentence subsequently. one learns the true ground for this favorite intervention. ââ¬Å" ( Actually. this was non disinterested fondness: there was a considerable traffic in kids among homophiles here. I learned this later. ) That description barely fares in comparing with the transition on page 88 when he writes. ââ¬Å"Some Kapos quickly installed us in the barracks. We pushed and jostled one another as if this were the supreme safety. the gateway to life. We walked over pain-racked organic structures. We trod on hurt faces. No calls. A few moans. My male parent a nd I were ourselves thrown to the land by this rolled tide. Beneath our pess person let out a rattling call. â⬠The words that form this heart-wrenching history of the Holocaust is told with more emotion than other histories that I have read. This history allows the reader to see the life of a fifteen-year-old male child. person who was of our age. in the concentration cantonments. This makes the book easy to associate to and one can non assist. but feel hurting for Elie and call when he did non. There are other plants on the Holocaust that do non make justness to what happened. but this book brings about a sense pragmatism to the state of affairs. It truly wakes the reader and forces the reader to recognize that this happened. Peoples truly did lose their lives because of what their beliefs and nil else. What one already knows about the Holocaust will be reinforced by Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s words because Night makes the Holocaust feel as if it is go oning to the reader. While reading. one can non assist. but put themselves in Elieââ¬â¢s places and believe. ââ¬Å"What would I have done there? Would I have left my male parent behind to decease and decompose or would I have worked difficult to maintain him by my side? â⬠One can neer truly cognize the replies to those inquiries. This book will hold a much stronger impact on the reader than books that simply tell the horrifying facts. One should read this book to better understand what the Judaic went through during the Holocaust merely for being who they are. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-58903735444313506592019-12-03T11:56:00.001-08:002019-12-03T11:56:03.607-08:00Violence On TV Essays - Behavior, Dispute Resolution, Psychology Violence On TV The last five years have seen an increase in the stand on violence in movies. As action movies with their big stars are taken to new heights every year, more people seem to argue that the violence is influencing our country's youth. Yet, each year, the amount of viewers also increases. This summer's smash hit Independence Day grossed more money than any other film in history, and it was full of violence. The other summer hits included Mission: Impossible, Courage Under Fire, and A Time to Kill. All of these movies contained violence, and all were highly acclaimed. And all, with the exception of Independence Day, were aimed toward adults who understood the violence and could separate screen violence from real violence. There is nothing wrong with having violence in film. If an adult wants to spend an evening watching Arnold Schwartzenager Save the world, then he should have that right. Film critic Hal Hinson enjoys watching movies. In fact, he fell in love with movies at the same time that he remembers being afraid for the first time. He was watching Frankenstein, and, as he described in his essay "In Defense of Violence," it played with his senses in such a way that he instantaneously fell in love with movies. . The danger was fake, but Hinson described that it played with his senses in such a way that he almost instantly fell in love. Hinson feels that most movie lovers were incited by the same hooks as himself. Movies were thrilling, dangerous, and mesmerizing (Hinson 581-2). Hinson says that as a culture, we like violent art. Yet this is not something that is new to today's culture. The ancient Greeks perfected the genre of tragedy with a use of violence. According to Hinson, they believed that "while violence in life is destructive, violence in art need not be; that art provides a healthy channel for the natural aggressive forces within us" (Hinson 585). Today, the Greek tragedy is not often seen, but there are other shows movies that embody and use violence. Tom and Jerry, The Three Stooges, and popular prime time shows including the highly acclaimed NYPD Blue and ER are all violent. There is a surplus of violent movies in Hollywood. Usually, the years highest moneymakers are violent. Even Oscar winning movies, those movies that are "the best of the year," have violence in them. Silence of the Lambs, Unforgiving, and In the Line of Fire are just a few. Even with all this violence on both the small and big screen, Hinson makes a clear statement that real-life violence is the problem, not movie violence. He feels that people fear screen violence because they fear we might become what is depicted on screen. Hinson feels that to enjoy violence, one must be able to distinguish between what is real and what is not (Hinson 587). Another essay, this one entitled "Popcorn Violence," illustrates how the type of violence seen in film and television is completely different than real life violence. The author, Roger Rosenblatt, describes how young children can be exposed to screen violence early on in life, yet the type of violence is so fictional that the connection between what is seen on television and what goes on out in the streets is never made. The example Rosenblatt uses to illustrate this point is wrestling. In professional wrestling there are good guys, such as Hulk Hogan and Randy "Macho Man" Savage, and bad guys, which includes the likes of The Undertaker and Rowdy Piper. Every Saturday morning they go into the ring and fight. Its good versus bad. The show, of course, is humorous, as it is meant to be. The characters are so strange that they are comical. They roam around the ring, yelling and screaming, looking quite ridiculous. They play to the crowd, either making them boo or cheer. Occasionally, for example, if say Hulk Hogan is winning a fight, the bad guy's friends might join in and gang up on Hulk. All of this violence, and the kids love it (Rosenblatt 589). The same occurs in "action" movies. There is a good guy and a bad guy, but the bad guy usually has lots of friends, and they all gang up on the good guy. Rosenblatt explains that sometimes you root for the good guys, and other times for the bad guys. He says that we root for the bad because sometimes "you're simply bored with the good guys and the bad are beautiful" (Rosenblatt 589-90). Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-64014413502307056952019-11-27T14:38:00.001-08:002019-11-27T14:38:04.778-08:00Personal Vision of Ministry free essay sample Personal Vision of Ministry Statement ââ¬Å"Creative,à loving,à andà inspiredà ministryà thatà loosensà the burdens of religion, andà leadsà people to aà lifetime,à obedient relationship with ourà Lordà Jesus Christ. â⬠Each word in thatà visionà statement is very significant to me and describes my spiritual being to this point. Creativityà is important to me, not just because advertising or me being a bit imaginative, but because from the beginning, our God was a creative God; I donââ¬â¢t believe there is any roomà forà becoming stagnant in Christianity. Loveà is the central theme of the Bible, and it is the most important of the Great Commandmentââ¬â¢s. It is only through daily submission thatà inspirationà will come, and it is only through inspiration and testimony that I find the strength to carry out Godââ¬â¢s work. There areà two ââ¬Å"Râ⬠wordsà that are distinctive when sharing ministry:à Religion and Relationship. They are not the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Vision of Ministry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Religion: being the belief in and worship of a personal God or Gods Details of belief as taught or discussed. Relationship: the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are connected, or the state of being connected. Example being Jesus Christ connected as our personal Lord and Savior. So this would be my personal ministry of how I am to share Christ Jesus Love. To be able to teach, and lead others to Christ through scripture. As a church youth minister, I should be one that is connected with todayââ¬â¢s youth. A youth minister should lead children, not only in their spiritual growth but their personal development as well. A youth minister needs to possess great leadership qualities and have plenty of experience and testimony in order to share with the children. I must be able to train and encourage others within the church. I will be discipline, self-motivated, organized, and spiritually mature. This is why I believe AME will help me further Gods ministry, and gain more knowledge of who God is. Scripture says Lots about knowledge throughout the bible. One of my favorite verses explaining Gods sovereign knowledge is in Proverbs. Proverbs 3:1-35:à My son, do not forget my teaching, but let your heart keep my commandments, for length of days and years of life and peace they will add to you. Let not steadfast love and faithfulness for sake you; bind them around your neck; write them on the tablet of your heart. So you will find favor and good success in the sight of God and man. Trust in the Lordà with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. | | | May God use me to accomplish His purposes. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-42047215622416689672019-11-23T22:12:00.001-08:002019-11-23T22:12:03.953-08:00Book Review Song of SolomonBook Review Song of Solomon Summary of the Book The central theme in Toni Morrisonââ¬â¢s book, ââ¬Å"Song of Solomonâ⬠, is the quest for self-identity. In the novel, the author narrates the life journey of a young man, ââ¬Å"Milkmanâ⬠Dead, who lacks enthusiasm for his life, is alienated from his relatives, his cultural roots and his community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Song of Solomon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At first, Milkman appears psychologically and spiritually enslaved, but later, his aunt, Pilate, and his ally, Bains, help him to embark on a journey of self-discovery. It is through his quest for spiritual and physical restoration that Milkman is able to relate to his inner self and regain his sense of self-worth. The events of Milkmanââ¬â¢s journeys span over thirty years. In part I of the book (Chapters 1-9), Morrison narrates Milkmanââ¬â¢s early life in his hometown, a small town in Mich igan. From his birth to his early thirties, Milkman is spiritually empty; his auntââ¬â¢s conservative tendencies and the fatherââ¬â¢s worldly lifestyle could not help him grow spiritually. At one time, Milkmanââ¬â¢s father and his sister, Pilate, are forced to flee their home following their fatherââ¬â¢s killing over land. Later, following a disagreement, they go separate ways only to meet again in this small town in Michigan. The two still have a grudge against one another and could not communicate. Towards the end of part I, Milkman sets out on a quest to find his auntââ¬â¢s hidden gold, which, according to his father, would become his inheritance. In part II, Milkman travels to the South ostensibly to search for gold (his inheritance). His quest leads him to a farm in Danville, Pennsylvania, his grandfatherââ¬â¢s home. He would later trace his lineage to a small town, Shalimar, in Virginia and go there. It is in this small town that his quest ends when Milkman m eets his paternal relatives and discovers his true self-identity. Developing Milkmanââ¬â¢s Quest Morrison uses many narrative elements in part I in developing Milkmanââ¬â¢s quest in the American South in part II. One such narrative element is setting. The South harbors Milkmanââ¬â¢s past history particularly slavery in the South. Morrison uses the name ââ¬Å"Southsideâ⬠, Pilateââ¬â¢s residence in the town, to denote their southern ancestry, the origins of the Black population. Thus, Pilateââ¬â¢s place gives Milkman a direct emotional connection to his ancestors in the South. Also, Morrison predicts the importance of Milkmanââ¬â¢s journey to his southern ancestral home when he states that Milkmanââ¬â¢s walk in the Not Doctor Street was dreamlike and strange following his quarrel with his father.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His quarrel with his father marks a turning point in his life as he learns of his fatherââ¬â¢s materialistic tendencies over family traditions. Also, in part I, as Milkman walks down this street to his auntââ¬â¢s Southside residence, he encounters people ââ¬Å"all going the direction he was coming from (78). Here, Morrison signals that in order for Milkman to discover his identity, he will have to go against the grain and transcend not only the Northward migration of the Black population but also his selfish desires and pleasures. Morrison, in part I, narrates Milkmanââ¬â¢s inquisitiveness to know the meaning of oneââ¬â¢s name to signify Milkmanââ¬â¢s as well as his ancestral origins. It is the South that harbors the secrets of Milkmanââ¬â¢s ancestral past and the origin of his family name, which they lost because of their high mobility. As his father explains, Macon Dead, was the name given to his grandfather by a Freedman Bureau official, which the Macon family kept because Milkmanââ¬â¢s mother insisted that it was new and would wipe out the past (53). His fatherââ¬â¢s explanation marked another turning point as Milkman later sets out to find his family origins and his true identity. By dropping their family name the Macon family lost their traditions and history. The surname is significant to the family as it gives them a sense of self-determination. Thus, Morrison uses Milkmanââ¬â¢s urge to know his family name in part I to herald his subsequent quest to the South to discover his heritage and self-identity. Another narrative element Morrison uses in part I of the novel to herald Milkmanââ¬â¢s journey in part II is sequencing of events. Milkmanââ¬â¢s self-alienation and disaffection to his family and the black community required complete restoration. He had lost his sense of heritage and therefore, could not relate well with his family or community. Morrison first symbolizes Milkmanââ¬â¢s uniqueness during his birth. He narrates tha t Milkman is born, the first Black baby, in an all-White hospital called Mercy Hospital. Morrison also narrates how Milkmanââ¬â¢s prolonged breastfeeding distinguishes him from other children. At only age four, after Milkman learns that people cannot fly, he loses ââ¬Å"all interest in himself and likewise has no interest in those around him (9). The author narrates how Morrison was excluded by other children while growing up. His siblings treated him with ââ¬Å"casual maliceâ⬠(10), which, ironically, made Milkman, from an early age, to develop the urge to seek answers about his true identity and familial origins. The social exclusion Milkman suffers marks a turning point in his life as he realizes that he is different from other kids. It also makes him to seek to find out about his ancestry, hence his quest to the South. As Milkman becomes older, his life is fraught with failures, partly because of his childhood alienation and lack of empathy and self-awareness. Morrison narrates that, at 22 years of age, Milkman still acts and behaves as a child. He writes that Milkman had not ââ¬Å"thought of his mother as a person, a separate individual, with a life apart from allowing or interfering with his own (75).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: Song of Solomon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, Morrison portrays Milkmanââ¬â¢s perceptions as inaccurate and self-centered. He assaults his father to please his mother but learns that ââ¬Å"there was no one to thank him-or abuse him, his action was his alone (68). This marks another turning point in his life, as he learns that he is responsible for his actions and by extension, his destiny. Morrison also gives his point of view regarding Milkmanââ¬â¢s actions. He states that Milkmanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"sleeping with Hagar had made him generous, or so he thought, wide-spirited, or so he imagined (69). The authorââ¬â¢s poin t of view portrays Milkman as a self-absorbed and selfish young man, with no dream in life. It is no wonder the prospect of hidden treasures (gold) makes him set out on a quest to find it. Morrison also gives his views about Milkmanââ¬â¢s adulthood dream. He states that Milkman contemplated relocating from the Not Doctor Street to a new place with ââ¬Å"new people, new command. That was what he wanted in his lifeâ⬠(180). The authorââ¬â¢s views and sequencing technique to herald Milkmanââ¬â¢s future quest to the South. Magical Realism in the Book Morrison uses many examples of magical realism to advance the novelsââ¬â¢ themes. One such example relates to his use of descriptions that appeal sense perceptions such as odors, tastes and colors. For instance, he describes the realistic, yet the mysterious quality of the smell of ginger, when he compares his hometown in Michigan with a mystical place in the Far East. He writes: ââ¬Å"An odor like crystallized ginger, or sweet iced tea with a dark clove floating in itâ⬠¦ made you think of the East and striped tents and the sha-sha-sha of leg braceletsâ⬠¦.â⬠(184). His magical description evokes emotions of Milkmanââ¬â¢s lost personal identity and culture. It helps to elaborate the novelââ¬â¢s realistic themes of bemoaning lost culture and personal identity. It underscores Milkmanââ¬â¢ and his friendââ¬â¢s (Guitar) search for self-identity, which is a key theme of the book. Another example of magical realism occurs in chapter 11. In this scene, Morrison describes the sounds made by the hunting dogs during the hunt. He describes the sounds as ââ¬Å"all those shrieks, those rapid tumbling barks, the long sustained yells, the tuba sounds, and the drumbeat soundsâ⬠¦ (278). His depiction of the voices, though, distinctive and realistic, is, in time and space, shrouded in mystery. Morrison also links the conscious experiences and the memories of the charactersââ¬â¢ past li ves. Morrison uses this approach to advance the novelââ¬â¢s theme of the search for oneââ¬â¢s self-identity as exemplified by Milkmanââ¬â¢s search. It is through his epic search for self consciousness that readers understand the significance of familial and communal identity in his life.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another example of magical realism that involves personal consciousness occurs in chapter 10. Morrison describes Circeââ¬â¢s house as ââ¬Å"looking as if it had been eaten by a galloping disease, the sores of which were dark and fluidâ⬠(220). She then proceeds to describe what is going on in Milkmanââ¬â¢s memory including his flight from his hometown in Michigan to Pennsylvania, his final chat with his personal friend, Guitar, his journey on to Circeââ¬â¢s house and his interaction with his fatherââ¬â¢s friends before returning to Circeââ¬â¢s house where Milkman is. This approach of superimposing past memories with the present is an important magical realism technique that helps Morrison to describe the dynamics of the charactersââ¬â¢ conscious experiences. A new sense of self-identity transforms the once narcissistic Milkman into an empathic man as shown in his realistic interaction with his girlfriend, Sweet: ââ¬Å"He made up the bed. She gave him gumbo t o eat. He washed the dishesâ⬠¦ He scoured her tub (285). Here, Morrison encourages greater consciousness among the black people to seek to understand their history and community identity. Her description of how Milkman connected with his personal and familial consciousness borders magical realism. Milkman, in chapter 15, on completing his quest, reflects on the people he has interacted with and how they helped shape his destiny. He becomes conscious of his familial and community origins as shown in the list of names of his black kinsmen. Morrison uses this mental imagery to illustrate the bookââ¬â¢s theme of personal and community sense of identity. Toni Morrisonââ¬â¢s Female Character Portrayal Morrison depiction of the female characters in the novel illustrates the defects of gender relations among the blacks. She portrays female characters as crucial in the development of personal and community identity. All the females Milkman interacts with, though he mistreats them, help him discover his self-identity. One such female character is Pilate, an influential figure in Milkmanââ¬â¢s life, who, unlike Macon Dead, is conservative and disdainful of Maconââ¬â¢s materialistic lifestyle. Morrison uses Pilate to represent the deep connection that females have to their people and ancestors. A stark contrast to Pilate values her ancestry and longs for a reunion with her relatives in the South. However, to her brother, Macon, kinship is not important. Pilate plays a crucial role in Milkmanââ¬â¢s life. Her incomplete song makes Milkman to seek for the missing words of the song later in the book. The words of her song are symbolic because she is attempting to assist Milkman discover his identity. At the end of the book, Milkman gets all the words and is able to sing the entire song, which makes him feel that he has found his true identity. Pilate helps Milkman, who had lost all personal and cultural consciousness because his father was ââ¬Ëdeadââ¬â ¢ emotionally, to discover himself. Thus, Pilate helps to develop an emotional connection to his ancestors. Morrison also portrays female characters as role models. In the novel, all of Milkmanââ¬â¢s role models are females who guided him throughout his life. Even his close male friend, Guitar, is a rogue murderer who could not guide Milkman. In the end, Milkman discovers that Pilateââ¬â¢s teachings were relevant to his final destiny, though, initially, he had sidelined her. As it turns out, Pilate is the most influential figure in Milkmanââ¬â¢s quest for self-identity. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Vintage International, 1977. Print. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-48720534679553246522019-11-21T05:57:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:57:07.167-08:00The impertence of communicationing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsThe impertence of communicationing - Term Paper Example This can be related to Socratesââ¬â¢ second principle which is about knowing your audience (Socrates, p.5). In this case Ted according to a co-worker, Linda, is very self-centered. This is one of the problems in communication, when people do not know how to listen. Communication can only be effective when one party is listening to what the other is saying and take turns in doing so. Another important issue that can be pointed out in the episode is the use of one form of communication and understanding the errors related to the use of this way of communication. According to the third Principle of Communication presented by Socrates, one must master the medium of communication that he or she chooses (Socrates, p.8). In this case, the company chose to use a company-wide memo system to reach the employees and tell them the different updates in terms of the companyââ¬â¢s policies and rules. In this case, the management did not impose and stress the importance of communicating the message accurately. A simple typographical error can change the meaning of a memo completely and can cause misunderstanding. The scenario presented by the TV show resulted to ethical issues since the memo is requiring the company employees to say bad words to each other. Aside from being a negative form of communication, this is against ethical principles projected for the common good (E thical Principles, p.10). In terms of the two issues, it is important to take into consideration the lessons presented by Socrates. No matter what era, the 7 Principle of Communication can still be effective. With regards to the first issue, which is about knowing the audience or the listeners, the solution presented in the program is to be more open to audience which in this case is the employees. It is important even for entertainers and speakers to know the audience to be able to effectively convey the Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-43772114468024363612019-11-20T05:11:00.001-08:002019-11-20T05:11:04.113-08:00Spanish critical response (literature) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsSpanish critical response (literature) - Essay Example los tiempos eran terribles para muchos. En esta escritura, el autor tiene una discusià ³n central en la cual el texto entero se centre alrededor. Todo a travà ©s del texto, el autor nos deja saber que el conocimiento es energà a. Ãâ°l tambià ©n dice que para que un paà s a funcionar bien, la gente que lo està ¡ gobernando deba tener conocimiento apropiado de los asuntos. El conocimiento apropiado ayuda a la gente en energà a para ocuparse de los desafà os mejores, y a ayudas de este conocimiento mantener la unidad el paà s. El autor nos dice que para que la gente para tener conocimiento de los asuntos del paà s ella deba estudiar varias fuentes de las noticias. Si la gente que està ¡ en energà a no estudia estas cosas, la historia se repetirà ¡, y habrà ¡ siempre agitacià ³n. à ¿Cà ³mo han de salir de las universidades los gobernantes, si no hay universidad en Amà ©rica donde se enseà ±e lo rudimentario del arte del gobierno, que es el anà ¡lisis de los elementos peculiares de los pueblos de Amà ©rica? A adivinar salen los jà ³venes al mundo, con antiparras yanquis o francesas, y aspiran a dirigir un pueblo que no conocen. En la carrera de la polà tica habrà a de negarse la entrada a los que desconocen los rudimentos de la polà tica. El premio de los certà ¡menes no ha de ser para la mejor oda, sino para el mejor estudio de los factores del paà s en que se vive. En el perià ³dico, en la cà ¡tedra, en la academia, debe llevarse adelante el estudio de los factores reales del paà s. Conocerlos basta, sin vendas ni ambages; porque el que pone de lado, por voluntad u olvido, una parte de la verdad, cae a la larga por la verdad que le faltà ³, que crece en la negligencia, y derriba lo que se levanta sin ella. Resolver el problema despuà © s de conocer sus elementos, es mà ¡s fà ¡cil que resolver el problema sin conocerlos. Viene el hombre natural, indignado y fuerte, y derriba la justicia acumulada de los libros, porque no se administra en acuerdos con las necesidades Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-66858091716545457182019-11-17T17:41:00.001-08:002019-11-17T17:41:05.123-08:00The Face of American Poverty Essay Example for Free The Face of American Poverty Essay Poverty is a social ill that is affecting most developing countries in the world, if not all. This is evidenced by the peoples lack of access to basic commodities such as food, clothing and shelter due to insufficiency of foods to purchase these needs. More often than not, this kind of situation is associated to third world countries like the Philippines and Vietnam and less identified with industrialized countries because people in the latter have more access to a better life and an abundance of job opportunities. United States is a country that could be least likely identified with poverty, however, statistics revealed there are millions of people in America who are living a poor life. This hidden problem of America was magnified to the whole world when hurricane Katrina destroyed properties in southern United States, specially New Orleans. A BusinessWeek article (Farell 2005) reported that the disaster reminded every American of the big class divide in the country. The whites who had more means were able to find a safer place to stay as the disaster hit their homes while the blakcs who have just enough or not even, were left on their rooftops crying for help. They barely had enough to save themselves from the brutal effects of the hurricane. Based on the latest statistics that the bureau released (Current Population Report 20), America, an industrialized country and one of the most powerful countries in the world houses 36. 5 million people, 24. 3 percent of which are Blacks, 10. 3 percent are Asians and 8. percent are non-Hispanic whites. Poverty in the United States is measured by the Bureau of Census using the money income earned by the family members. If the total income of the family is below the familys threshold, every individual in the family is considered as among those people suffering in poverty. There are 48 possible poverty thresholds that may be assigned to each family. These thresholds vary according to family size and ages of th e members of the family. The thresholds are annually updated in consideration of the inflation and other factors. These thresholds in a way reflect the family needs and serve as statistical yardsticks; however, these statistics alone do not provide a comprehensive description of what a family needs to live decently. The measurement, which the bureau uses, was derived from the Office of Management and Budgets Statistical Policy Directive 14. The thresholds that are being utilized to measure poverty were formulated in 1963 by the U. S. Department of Agriculture food budgets initially for families who are under economic stress (U. S. Bureau of Census 20) According to the Current Population Report of the U. S.à Bureau of Census (20), Table 3, People and Families in Poverty by Selected Characteristics: 2005 and 2006, South America has the highest number of people who are living in poverty, it reaches about 14 million and constitutes almost 14 percent of poor Americans. The other regions only registered an average of 11 percent each of the table listing the American people who are living in poverty. Aside from this, the statistics also show that majority of the Americans who are poor are native born. Those who are foreign born and naturalized citizens only comprised a small percentage of Americans living poverty. The bulk of these poor people range from the age bracket of 18 to 64 years oldthe working age. However, the poverty that America defines is a lot different from the definition of poverty in developing countries. As indicated in the research, Understanding Poverty in America, by Robert Rector and Johnson Johnson (n. pag. ), the poor in America are better off compared to those who are considered poor in developing countries. The research revealed that a poor American has a car, a house in good repair and has air-conditioning, clothes washer and cable television among others. According to Results. org (n. pag. ), the face of a poor person in America is a single parent working full time but still has no sufficient funds to pay for their food needs, rent, medical bills and car costs for travel. Results. org (n. pag. ) also revealed that an American who experiences hunger is in a better state than those who are in really poor countries because unlike the latter who really have nothing, Americans still have food to eat the only problem is that the food that they eat is not sufficient to meet a nutritious diet. According to the organization report (n. pag. ), the face of hunger in America is a malnourished child whose parents are not earning enough to purchase healthy and nutritious food and sometimes has to skip meals. The research conducted by Rector and Johnson (n. pag. ) showed that one of the problems of poor Americans is malnutrition, however, this malnourishment that poor Americans face is not under nutrition but obesity. Their findings show that most of the adult Americans are obese because their diets compose mostly of foods that are high in fat. They consume this kind of food more often due to lack of money to purchase food that could provide a better diet. Based on the findings of Rector and Johnson (n. pag. ), poverty is caused by two main factors: the absence of the father in the house and the fact that parents only spend less time at work. The research show that poor families are only supported by 800 work hours per year or 16 hours per week on the average. If the parents spend longer hours at work, then they could earn more and there is a greater possibility that the family would not fall among the list of poor families. In addition to this, the researchers also found out that the absence of a father in the house is also a great factor in the rise of poverty in the United States. Out-of-wedlock pregnancies are becoming more prevalent in the American society and this causes a surge in the number of single parents that are supporting their children. More often than not, the income that these single parents are generating is not enough to sustain their familyââ¬â¢s needs thus; they fall within the poverty line. If there were two parents that are earning for the family then there would be more funds to buy the family the needs. Aside from these factors, Isabel Sawhill (n. pag. ) also cited other reasons for the emergence of poverty in the United States. One the reasons that she gave is the lack of employment opportunities among the poor people. This unemployment is actually caused by several reasons such as the mismatch between the required skills of employers and those that are offered by employees. Another reason is the fact that American workers need to compete with cheaper foreign labor. Their competition forces the need for Americans to accept lower wages in order to earn a living and supply the needs of their family. If they do not lower their salary expectations then it is more likely that foreign labor will prevail and complete the job. Another factor that affects unemployment in the United States is racial discrimination. There are employers who prefer to accept white Americans for better paying jobs as compared to the Blacks, Hispanics or Asians. Some American corporations continue to underestimate the capabilities of colored Americans and perceive that the whites are still superior and perform better than any other race. This type of discrimination is one of the reasons why America remains to be a divided nation. Moreover, the geographical location also plays as a factor because there are states that offer more job opportunities compared to other states which only offer a few. More often than not, those states which have more resources geographically and industrially offer more job opportunities as compared to those states which only have a few resources to develop and few corporations to run. Based on the data released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (n. pag. ), the region which has the highest unemployment rate are Midwest and West regions registering 5. percent each while the region which has the lowest unemployment rate is Southern United States at 4. 7 percent. Among the states, Texas has the highest employment rate followed by Nevada and Minnesota. In addition to the causes of poverty, researchers (Sawhill n. pag. ) are also blaming the income policy transfers of the government such as the food stamps, Medicaid, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families for the prevalence of poverty in the United States. The food stamp program aims to alleviate hunger and malnutrition in the country by providing qualified low-income families with food stamps that can be utilized to purchase food items to complete a nutritious diet. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the average benefit that can be derived from the program per individual is $1 per meal. In order to qualify, a household should have a gross income that falls below 130 percent of the poverty line and do not own assets that are more than $2,000 in value (results. org n. pag. ). The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children aims to provide pregnant women who have low incomes, new mothers, infants and children that are facing nutritional risks with healthy food, education on nutrition and health care access. Unlike the food stamp program, which provides monetary assistance to families, this government program gives food packages to the concerned individuals to meet their dietary needs (results. org n. pag. ). The Temporary Assistance to Needy Families is the welfare program replacement of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children. This program was created to fight the dependency of the recipient families to the welfare programs of the government. Unlike the other welfare programs which only require that the familyââ¬â¢s income fall within the poverty line, this type of government program requires the recipients to work before receiving any assistance and limits the period wherein they can receive assistance from the welfare program. This policy of the government somehow lessens the sense of dependency to welfare programs by the recipients and gives them motivation to work and lift their families out of the poverty line. It has been observed by researchers (Sawhill n. pag. ) that recipients of welfare assistance from the government become so dependent that they no longer have the drive to work harder or worse, no dot exert any effort to support their needs. This kind of dependency was staged in the movie, Million Dollar Baby. In this movie, the mother of Maggie Fitzgerald, the female boxer played by Hillary Swank, got mad when Maggie bought her a house because this would drive them out of the welfare system. Owning the property will force them to find a job that will support their daily needs and take them out of their comfort zone. The family does not want this to happen because they have become so dependent with the welfare system that they cannot seem to live without it anymore. This is the kind of dependency that the government is trying to avoid because not only does this foster indolence it also takes away from the government funds that could be used for other projects that would better benefit the community. It would be better to teach a person how to fish and find provision for his personal needs rather than simply providing the fish to a person who never dare to exert an effort. Having too many children is also a factor in the surge of poverty in the United States because the more children there are, the more dependents the parents have and the more mouths to feed. If a family has fewer children then it would be easier for the family to get by because there are only a few needs to provide for and compete over the family income. There are various ways wherein sociologists try to explain poverty and one of them is using the structural approach which is influenced by Marxists and Functionalists perspectives (School-Portal n. pag. ). In the Marxist perspective, it can be gleaned that poverty is the direct result of the capitalist system. Through capitalism, people are forced to enter into a competition to survive and this competition is affected primarily by education and skills that an individual possesses. People try to attain higher education and learn new skills to have a better standing in a capitalistic world and a better fare at the competition. Employers prefer to hire an applicant who attained a higher level of learning and who has better skills compared to ordinary individuals, as this will foster better company performance and more earnings. Employees work hard to receive higher and more promising salaries. The discrepancy in earnings, ownership of properties and the creation of the social strata causes poverty exist. If people are not driven by competition and the dire to strive for more as compared to the others, there would be no discrepancy and all will just be equalââ¬âno rich and no poor. However, this will also advocate laziness among the people and lack of improvement in ones way of living. With regard to the functionalist perspective, everything is seen to be working for the whole and everything has a purpose. In consideration of this ideology, poverty is seen both in the positive and negative light. In its negative aspect, poverty is seen as a warning, something that people should avoid due to its adverse effects such as lack of sufficient food to eat, absence of enough funds to purchase basic needs and wants. On the contrary, poverty is also seen in the positive side, a feel good factor. When one sees he is faring better than the others, it creates a sense of thinking that all the efforts that he has exerted are all worth it. It somehow creates an appreciation of the hardships that he had to go through to achieve the position he is occupying. Another approach that sociologists utilize to explain poverty is the cultural approach. This type of explanation was elaborated by sociologist, Oscar Lewis. According to Lewis, poverty is transferred from generation to generation because the values of the parents toward poverty are passed on to their children. Lewis explained that people experience poverty because of the different cultural values that they have developed through time. These values include resignation and fatalism. People who are resigned feel that there is nothing much that they can do about their situation so they no longer bother to change it or even exert the slightest effort to lift their families out of the impoverished state their they are in. People, who adhere to fatalism, perceive that they are meant to be poor so there is no reason of fighting it. They believe that suffering an impecunious life is their purpose in this world and no matter what they do they will not be able to escape it. Trying to pull ones self out of the hole of poverty will only be a futile undertaking. These kinds of ideologies of the parents foster somehow affects how their children see poverty. Without even realizing it, these principles that they adhere to, is already burying their children to the pit of poverty even at a tender age. Once the minds of their children are shaped with these principles, they will carry this one as they age and like their parents, will be left suffering an impoverished life. The cultural explanation of poverty explains why there are many who continue to depend on the welfare system even if they have the capacity to get out of it. They have been so used to thinking that they are poor and cannot do anything about it that is why they no longer strive to make their lives more bearable. What these people fail to realize are the benefits that can be gained from getting out of the cage of the government welfare system. They has lost their sense of achievement and being able to contribute something fruitful to the country rather than just waiting for the assistance that the government will provide. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4705653033679632857.post-36264765315992134502019-11-15T06:12:00.001-08:002019-11-15T06:12:15.749-08:00The Early Years Of Key Stage OneThe Early Years Of Key Stage One This report focuses on the principles underpinning Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) and Key Stage 1 (KS1), and how this influences practice when supporting children in the transition from EYFS to KS1. This report will also include the similarities and the differences between the EYFS and KS1. The main aim of this report is to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of theory underpinning the development of key stage 1. The Early Years Foundation Stage is not a curriculum it is a framework. Sited in (DCSF 2008a, p.9) The EYFS document sets the standards for children from birth to 5 by meeting the diverse needs of each individual child this principle lies in the heart of the EYFS. All practitioners should deliver personalised learning, care and development to encourage and help children receive the best possible start in life. The overarching aim of the EYFS is to help children achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes which are: Staying safe Being healthy Enjoying and achieving Making a positive contribution Achieving economic well-being (DCSF 2008 a) However the national curriculum sets out the stages and core subjects children will be able to be taught during their time at school. The national Curriculum also sets out the knowledge and skills that are important for children to become successful and confident learners. The curriculum also sets out the achievement targets in each subject, teachers can use these to measure each childs progress and plan the next steps in their learning. Schools are free to plan and organise teaching and learning in the way that best meets the needs of their pupils. The new curriculum identifies the impact of play-based and activity learning in engaging children and helping them achieve a wide range of outcomes and make the best possible improvement. (National Curriculum online) However the EYFS framework provides assurance, it also states that every child deserves the best start in life. The Early Years Foundation Stage sets standards for the development, learning and care of children from birth. The new primary curriculum expands on the principles of the EYFS and encourages play-based learning. In the early stage the content of the curriculum is generic to the area of learning. Rose, J. (2009) The principles which guide the work for all early years practitioners are grouped in to four themes. The first theme is A Unique Child: every child is an experienced learner from birth who can be flexible, confident and self confident about him or herself. The second theme is Positive Relationship: children learn to be strong and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents, families and carers. The third theme is Enabling Environment: The environment plays a key role in supporting and extending childrens development and learning, The fourth theme is Learning and Development: children develop and learn in different ways and at different rates and all areas of Learning and Development are equally important and inter-connected. The Four guiding themes work together to underpin effective practice in the delivery of the Early Years Foundation Stage. They put legal requirements in to context and describe how practitioners should support the development, learning and care for each individual child. (DCSF 2008a, p.9) Transition should be seen as a process not an event, transition is something that is continuous, and should be planned for and discussed with children and their parents. Settings should communicate information which will secure continuity of experience for the child between settings. Schools should use the summative assessment of each child recorded in the EYFS profile to support planning for learning in year 1. However teachers should also be familiar with the EYFS and the EYFS teachers should be familiar with the KS 1 Curriculum. (DCSF 2008b, p.10) Moving into years 1 can be a shock to some children after the play freedom they had in nursery and reception, five year olds can often be turned off education by suddenly being made to sit still and listen to their teachers. Sited in Moyles, J (2007 p. 16) Wood and Bennett (2001) stated that the effect on children of the transitions they make in early childhood has become a major focus on the national and international research. (Margetts 2002, Dockett and Perry 2004a-2005). As many practitioners are aware that the big transition may be the move from a foundation stage setting in to a key stage 1. The recent focus is on continuity and progression that can be offered to children at this point. Rose, J (2009) stated that: Transition from EYFS to primary school can be difficult for some children This can be difficult for children because the children are more familiar to the play-based learning, and when moving to key stage 1 the children will experience a difference as they will be expected to sit on a chair at a table and be told what to do. However the creative curriculum is also being introduced, the main aims of the creative curriculum are to encourage and develop a more creative curriculum in foundation subjects in Key Stage 1. The creative curriculum is also introduced to create a more personalised, incorporating key life skills that could transfer into lifelong learning skills and increase the use of the local area and increase out of classroom learning experiences. Feedback from parents, teachers and pupils suggested that the curriculum had become more creative and exciting. Pupils were taking part more and getting involved in their learning and took ownership. This also improved parental involvement in their childrens learning and development. The staff, parents and pupils commented on some changes they noticed occurring from the new topic approach. They reported that the children were more excited about their learning, the children were also talking about their learning more at home with parents and families. The children also started to bring resources from home for the new topic to support and expand their learning. (Creative curriculum 2008 online) The Independent Review of the Primary Curriculum includes a survey by Ofsted in 2007 which proclaimed that a very less amount of schools had successfully linked the areas of learning and development in the EYFS with the related subjects of the National Curriculum in Key Stage 1. Because there was lack of clear links between the Early Years Foundation Stage and Key Stage 1, this meant that 8 in 10 schools in the survey introduced the subjects of the National Curriculum at the start of the autumn term. However, Two in three of the schools taught a literacy hour or daily numeracy lesson within a few weeks of the start of the school year. In Rose, J (2009) Ofsted also noticed that over half of Year 1 teachers had used the Early Years Foundation Stage profile but few had found it mostly helpful. The EYFS profile confused many teachers by including assessments beyond the level of the early learning goals, but not linked openly to the level descriptors in the National Curriculum. However given the amount of time spent in completing the EYFS profile and its potential value as a personal record of each childs previous experiences and achievements it is important for schools to make better use of it. However The Cambridge Primary Review is an independent enquiry into the condition and future of primary education in England. It is based at the University of Cambridge, Alexander, R (2009). The Review proposes a debate on if the age at which children have to start school should be raised to six in line with many other countries. Logically the ages and stages of schooling should be brought in to line, so the statutory starting age would become six, the point at which children move from the foundation stage and enter the key stage 1. The main concern is not when children start school but what they do when they get there. With sufficient resources, there is no reason why good quality play-based learning up to age six cannot be provided in primary schools. However this is maybe a risky change because some fear that children with most to gain from early education will miss out through being kept at home until they are six. This would confirm that England has finally accepted the need to protect and preserve the distinctive nature of early childhood. Easing the way for the youngest four-year-olds to start school, however the Rose report which has recently been proposed, sends a different view. Rose, J (2009) says: I hope the review will help our primary schools to build on their success so that all our children benefit from a curriculum which is challenging, fires their enthusiasm, enriches and constantly enlarges their knowledge, skills and understanding and, above all, instils in them a lifelong love of learning. The curriculum that primary children are offered must enable them to enjoy this unique stage of childhood, inspire learning and develop the essential knowledge, skills and understanding which are the building blocks for secondary education and later life. Primary children must not only learn what to study, they must also learn how to study, so the children can become confident, self-disciplined individuals capable of engaging in a lifelong process of learning. High-quality teaching in the primary years, as elsewhere, is vital to childrens success. McKinsey 2007 reports said that the quality of an education system cannot exceed the quality of its teachers. This is echoed by the Cambridge Primary Review, which states that A curriculum is only as good as those who teach it. Rose, J. (2009) However (BBC news 2008 online) states: Do children start school at too young an age in England? English pupils are starting very early in the classroom, Compared to other western European countries, as compulsory education begins in England at the age of five with children starting at four years old. However in countries such as Sweden, Denmark, school does not begin until the age of seven. This general question has been raised by the Cambridge-based Primary Review which is investigating how the primary education is organised. And its conclusion challenges the idea that an early start has long-term advantages for children. The assumption that an early starting age is beneficial for childrens later attainment is not well supported in the research and therefore remains open to question, says the report. However the Primary Review, taking an overview of the evidence, suggests that there is no clear link between quantity and quality in education. In England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Netherlands, children start school at the age of five years old. However in Austria, Belgium, and Denmark the children start at the age of 6-7, and in, Poland, Spain, and Sweden children start at the age of 6-7. The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project investigated the effects of preschool education and care on childrens development for children aged 3-7 years old. This study has established the positive effects of high quality pre-school provision on childrens intellectual and social behavioural development up to the end of Key Stage 1 in primary school. Pre-school has a positive impact on childrens progress over and above important family influences. The quality of the pre-school setting experience as well as the quantity are both important. The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project explores the impact of preschool provision on young childrens cognitive progress and their social/behavioural development. The research seeks to establish whether different types of pre-school settings differ in their impact and effectiveness. It also seeks to identify any differences between individual pre-school centres in their impact upon childrens cognitive progress and social, behavioural development. EPPE (2004) However Brown, J. Said that the Effective Provision of Preschool Education (EPPE) is the first major study within the UK to focus on specifically the effectiveness of early years education, monitoring the development of children from a wide range of backgrounds and cultures as they progress from the start of preschool up to key stage 2. Brown, J. (2009, p.26) I n the national curriculum education influences and reflects the values of society. Therefore it is important, to recognise a broad set of common values and purposes that underpin the school curriculum. Education is also a route to equality of opportunity for all, a healthy and just democracy, a productive economy, and sustainable development. Education should reflect the permanent values that contribute to these ends. These include valuing ourselves, families and other relationships, and the wider groups, to which we belong, the diversity in our society and the environment. At the same time, education must enable us to respond positively to the opportunities of the rapidly changing world and work. We also need to be prepared to engage and connect as individuals, parents, workers and citizens with economic, including the continued globalisation of the economy and society, with new work and leisure patterns and with the rapid development of communication technologies. National curriculum (online) The National Curriculum applies to pupils of compulsory school age in community and foundation schools, including community special schools and foundation special schools, and voluntary aided schools. Getting children to sit down on a seat in key stage 1 is not a problem. But what we need to ensure is that these children are interested and excited about their learning, the children need to feel involved in what is taking place and have a level of expectation about what will happen next. A creative curriculum is not simply about making links between subjects, it is about finding ways to inspire the children by drawing in skills from art, music, technology, dance and drama. Creativity is about inspiring children through the establishment of memorable learning experiences. Creativity can be a platform for establishment of personalized learning, enabling children to think out of the box for themselves. (Teaching expertise online) This shows that the creative curriculum has been introduced so children are not sitting on chairs and doing what they are being told by the teacher, it has been introduced so children can enjoy learning through different experiences, and be more creative about their learning. However in nursery everything is more play-based, and key stage 1 is more focused on lessons like phonics, numeracy and literacy, this is why the creative curriculum has been launched so children are more motivated and interested in learning, and remembered what they had learned, due to this the children would want to learn for themselves they would be able to expand on the thinking and learn how to be in control. Within the EYFS it is also stated that the key person also play a vital role in a childs learning and development. Children can form an attachment in the setting with the key person, the benefits of this could be the child settling in different surrounding really quickly, and that the key person could assess and plan for the child individual needs. Sited in Elfer, P et al. (2003 p. 18) it was stated that the key persons role is vital for children and their parents. The key person makes sure that each individual child within the nursery feels welcome, safe and secure. They also make the child feel that they are taught about by someone in particular while they are away from home. However the key persons approach makes sure that parents are able to build a personal relationship with someone in particular rather than all the staff within the setting. The benefits of a key person are they give parents a peace of mind, it also gives the parents a chance to liaise and interact with somebody whom is fully committed and familiar with their child, and is able to provide the parents with up to date information about their childs learning and development. The Key Elements of Effective Practice (KEEP) emphasise that effective learning is dependent on secure relationships, an appropriate learning environment and high-quality teaching. Brown, J. (2009, p.26) The four main purposes of the National Curriculum are: To establish an entitlement To establish standards To promote continuity and coherence To promote public understanding Those awarded Early Years Professional Status must demonstrate through their practice that a secure knowledge and understanding of the following underpins their own practice and informs their leadership of others. The EYP Standards set out the national expectations for anyone wishing to gain EYPS and work as an Early Years Professional. They are outcome statements that set out what Early Years Professionals need to know, understand and be able to do. They cover working safely with babies and children from birth to the end of the new EYFS. Achievement of the Standards will enable members of the workforce to move across the range of early years provision, which will encourage and support learning and development.(EYP 2006 online) Reference Page Rose, J. (2009) Independent Review of the Primary Curriculum: Final Report. Nottingham: DCSF Publications Moyles, J. (2007) Early Years Foundations. Maidenhead: Open University Press Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Blatchford, I, S. and Taggart, B. (2004) The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project: Final report: DFES Bertram, T., Pascal, C. (2002) Early years education: An International Perspective. Birmingham: QCA Brown, J. (2009) Spring. Department for children, Schools and families. P26-28 Elfer, P., Goldschimied, E., Selleck, D. (2003) Key persons in the nursery. London: David Fulton Publishers BBC News (2008) is five too soon to start school? News Channel: Education Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7234578.stm Haywood, J (2006) Early Years Professional Standards. Available: http://www.testsite.lancsngfl.ac.uk/curriculum/early_years/getfile.php?src=100/Draft_EYP_Standards_Aug_2006.pdfs=!B121cf29d70ec8a3d54a33343010cc2 Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008a) Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham: DCSF Publications Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008b) Practice Guidance For the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham: DCSF Publications Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12639842073227131698noreply@blogger.com0